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The family of sodium channels has 9 known members, with amino acid identity >50% in the trans-membrane segments and extracellular loop regions. A standardized nomenclature for sodium channels is currently used and is maintained by the IUPHAR. [11] The proteins of these channels are named Na v 1.1 through Na v 1.9.
Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs), also known as voltage-dependent sodium channels (VDSCs), are a group of voltage-gated ion channels found in the membrane of excitable cells (e.g., muscle, glial cells, neurons, etc.) with a permeability to the sodium ion Na +. They are the main channels involved in action potential of excitable cells.
The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), (also known as amiloride-sensitive sodium channel) is a membrane-bound ion channel that is selectively permeable to sodium ions (Na +).It is assembled as a heterotrimer composed of three homologous subunits α or δ, β, and γ, [2] These subunits are encoded by four genes: SCNN1A, SCNN1B, SCNN1G, and SCNN1D.
Although the early studies on the biophysics of Na V 1.8 channels were carried out in rodent channels, more recent studies have examined the properties of human Na V 1.8 channels. Notably, human Na V 1.8 channels exhibit an inactivation voltage-dependence that is even more depolarized than that in rodents, and it also exhibits a larger ...
Sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 9 (also Na v 1.7) is a sodium ion channel that, in humans, is encoded by the SCN9A gene. [5] [6] [7] It is usually expressed at high levels in two types of neurons: the nociceptive (pain) neurons at the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and trigeminal ganglion; and sympathetic ganglion neurons, which are part of the autonomic (involuntary) nervous system.
Na V β1 – β-1 subunit of the sodium channel carrying the sodium current I Na. [23] BrS6: 604433: KCNE3: MiRP2 – β subunit to voltage-gated potassium channels. Modulates the transient outward potassium current I to. [23] BrS7: 608214: SCN3B: Na V β3 – β-3 subunit of the cardiac sodium channel carrying the sodium current I Na. [6] BrS8 ...
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These ions are moved by transporters called ion channels. In the case of sodium, there is a sodium channel; for chloride, there is a chloride channel called CFTR. For sweat to be produced with the proper concentrations of sodium and chloride, sodium channels and chloride channels (CFTRs) must work properly.