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11th-century manuscript of the Hebrew Bible with Targum, Exodus 12:25–31 The Franks Casket is an 8th-century Anglo-Saxon whalebone casket, the back of which depicts the enslavement of the Jewish people at the lower right. The Bible contains many references to slavery, which was a common practice in antiquity.
David Curp notes that this episode has been used to justify racialized slavery, since "Christians and even some Muslims eventually identified Ham's descendants as black Africans". [13] Anthony Pagden argued that "This reading of the Book of Genesis merged easily into a medieval iconographic tradition in which devils were always depicted as black.
Chattel slavery continued on the fringes of Christendom, and revived in the late Middle Ages and Renaissance, enslaving Muslims. As in other societies, new slaves were continually needed. The Reconquista wars provided Spain and Portugal with many captives, they still had significant numbers of slaves as the Age of Discovery began.
Although many scholars therefore view Ham as an eponym which is used to represent Egypt in the Table of Nations, [2] a number of Christians throughout history, including Origen [3] and the Cave of Treasures, [4] have argued for the alternate proposition that Ham represents all black people, his name symbolising their dark skin colour; [5] pro ...
In Algiers during the time of the Regency of Algiers in North Africa in the 19th century, up to 1.5 million Christians and Europeans were captured and forced into slavery. [70] This eventually led to the Bombardment of Algiers in 1816 by the British and Dutch , forcing the Dey of Algiers to free many slaves.
The Museum of the Bible, during a 2018 exhibition called "The Slave Bible: Let the Story Be Told", exhibited an example from 1807. This bible was one of three copies of this version, and is owned by Fisk University. It was printed by Law and Gilbert of London, for the Society for the Conversion of Negro Slaves. [5]
Paul, the author of several letters that are part of the New Testament, requests the manumission of a slave named Onesimus in his letter to Philemon, [3] writing "Perhaps the reason he was separated from you for a little while was that you might have him back forever—no longer as a slave, but better than a slave, as a dear brother" (Philemon 15-16).
Hence, the Bible was perceived as the Book for Europeans to interpret, which in turn gave justification for European Christian domination. [1] However, as African Americans began to claim Christianity as their own, African American biblical hermeneutics arose out of the experiences of racism in the United States .