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An allele [1] is a variant of the sequence of nucleotides at a particular location, or locus, on a DNA molecule. [2]Alleles can differ at a single position through single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), [3] but they can also have insertions and deletions of up to several thousand base pairs.
The allele frequency spectrum can be written as the vector = (,,,,), where is the number of observed sites with derived allele frequency .In this example, the observed allele frequency spectrum is (,,,,), due to four instances of a single observed derived allele at a particular SNP loci, two instances of two derived alleles, and so on.
Consider a locus that carries two alleles, A and B. In a diploid population there are three possible genotypes, two homozygous genotypes (AA and BB), and one heterozygous genotype (AB). If we sample 10 individuals from the population, and we observe the genotype frequencies freq (AA) = 6; freq (AB) = 3; freq (BB) = 1
Gene flow is the transfer of alleles from one population to another population through immigration of individuals. In population genetics, gene flow (also known as migration and allele flow) is the transfer of genetic material from one population to another. If the rate of gene flow is high enough, then two populations will have equivalent ...
The ABO gene resides on chromosome 9 at the band 9q34.2 and contains 7 exons. [6] The ABO locus encodes three alleles, that is, 3 variants of the same gene.One allele is derived from each parent.
In population genetics, fixation is the change in a gene pool from a situation where there exists at least two variants of a particular gene in a given population to a situation where only one of the alleles remains. That is, the allele becomes fixed. [1]
When a locus is identified as imprinted, two different classes express different alleles. [65] Inherited imprinted genes of offspring are believed to be monoallelic expressions. A single locus will entirely produce one's phenotype although two alleles are inherited. This genotype class is called parental imprinting, as well as dominant ...
Alleles are inherited independently from each parent. A dominant allele can be inherited from a homozygous dominant parent with probability 1, or from a heterozygous parent with probability 0.5. To represent this reasoning in an equation, let A t {\displaystyle \textstyle A_{t}} represent inheritance of a dominant allele from a parent.