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The tibial nerve, which travels down the posterior compartment of the leg into the foot; The common fibular nerve (also called the common peroneal nerve), which travels down the anterior and lateral compartments of the leg into the foot; The sciatic nerve is the largest nerve in the human body. [2]: 422–4 [3] [4] 3D still showing Sciatica.
Sciatica often results in pain radiating down the leg. The term "sciatica" usually describes a symptom—pain along the sciatic nerve pathway—rather than a specific condition, illness, or disease. [4] Some use it to mean any pain starting in the lower back and going down the leg. [4]
Cutaneous innervation of the lower limbs is the nerve supply to areas of the skin of the lower limbs (including the feet) which are supplied by specific cutaneous nerves. Modern texts are in agreement about which areas of the skin are served by which nerves , but there are minor variations in some of the details.
The tibial nerve is the larger terminal branch of the sciatic nerve with root values of L4, L5, S1, S2, and S3. It lies superficial (or posterior) to the popliteal vessels, extending from the superior angle to the inferior angle of the popliteal fossa, crossing the popliteal vessels from lateral to medial side.
Signal propagation continues down the anterior rami (Lumbar 4-5 and Sacral 1-5) of the sacral plexus. The sciatic nerve branches off of the sacral plexus in which the tibial and common fibular nerves are wrapped in one sheath. The tibial nerve eventually separates from the sciatic nerve and innervates the gastrocnemius muscle.
The hamstrings are innervated by the sciatic nerve, specifically by a main branch of it: the tibial nerve. (The short head of the biceps femoris is innervated by the common fibular nerve). The sciatic nerve runs along the longitudinal axis of the compartment, giving the cited terminal branches close to the superior angle of the popliteal fossa.
The common fibular nerve is the smaller terminal branch of the sciatic nerve. The common fibular nerve has root values of L4, L5, S1, and S2. It arises from the superior angle of the popliteal fossa and extends to the lateral angle of the popliteal fossa, along the medial border of the biceps femoris.
Femoral nerve: Medial compartment (inner thigh/groin) Pectineus, [2] External obturator, Gracilis muscle, Adductors (longus, brevis, and magnus) Obturator nerve: Posterior compartment (back of the thigh) 'hamstring portion' of the Adductor magnus, Biceps femoris, Semitendinosus and Semimembranosus: Sciatic nerve