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Restitution can take the form of a personal or a proprietary remedy. Where a personal remedy is awarded, the defendant is ordered to pay the money value of the benefit received. This personal money award is the typical form of restitution ordered.
CJFOs are "the most common form of punishment imposed by criminal justice systems" in the US. [7] Over a 30 year period from 1982 to 2012, the number of individuals in the US who were incarcerated or under supervision rose from an estimated 2,712,500 to 9,100,000, and the proportion of those subject to related fines rose from 12% to 37%. [14]
The California Victim Compensation Program (CalVCP) provides compensation for victims of violent crime who are injured or threatened with injury. Among the crimes covered are domestic violence, child abuse, sexual and physical assault, homicide, robbery, drunk driving and vehicular manslaughter. If a person meets eligibility criteria, CalVCP ...
Restitution often involves replacement of stolen or damaged property or reimbursement of costs that the victim incurred as a result of the crime. A court is required under current state law to order full restitution unless it finds compelling and extraordinary reasons not to do so. [38] Sometimes, however, judges do not order restitution.
A court order is an official proclamation by a judge (or panel of judges) that defines the legal relationships between the parties to a hearing, a trial, an appeal or other court proceedings. [2] Such ruling requires or authorizes the carrying out of certain steps by one or more parties to a case.
Chavez 2018 has ruled there is no judgement of conviction. If a person is granted probation, the court can impose many conditions on a grant of probation (conditions of probations are not sentences), including up to one year in county jail, money fines up to the maximum allowed by state law, and restitution to the victim for actual losses. [17]
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The California Code of Civil Procedure (abbreviated to Code Civ. Proc. in the California Style Manual [a] or just CCP in treatises and other less formal contexts) is a California code enacted by the California State Legislature in March 1872 as the general codification of the law of civil procedure in the U.S. state of California, along with the three other original Codes.