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Hyperglycemia or hyperglycaemia is a condition where unusually high amount of glucose is present in blood. It is defined as blood glucose level exceeding 6.9 mmol/L (125 mg/dL ) after fasting for 8 hours and 10 mmol/L (180 mg/dL) 2 hours after eating.
Hyperglycemia alters lung dendritic cell function, leading to an increase in susceptibility to respiratory agents. [44] Several studies also show diabetes associated with a worse disease course and slower recovery from respiratory infections. [45] Increased risk of wound infections; Restrictive lung disease is known to be associated with diabetes.
Much evidence suggests that many of the long-term complications of diabetes, result from many years of hyperglycemia (elevated levels of glucose in the blood). [ 11 ] "Perfect glycemic control" would mean that glucose levels were always normal (70–130 mg/dL or 3.9–7.2 mmol/L) and indistinguishable from a person without diabetes.
Although the only form suitable for urinary excretion, the breakdown products of AGE—that is, peptides and free adducts—are more aggressive than the AGE proteins from which they are derived, and they can perpetuate related pathology in diabetic patients, even after hyperglycemia has been brought under control. [22]
Diabetic angiopathy is a form of angiopathy associated with diabetic complications. [1] While not exclusive, the two most common forms are diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy, whose pathophysiologies are largely identical.
This resulting hyperglycemia is clinically relevant in diabetic patients as its lasting effects can lead to overall poor glycemic control. In Type 1 diabetics hyperglycemia due to the dawn phenomenon can persist despite adequate insulin compensation overnight, while in Type 2 diabetics the dawn phenomenon has been shown to be resistant to ...
Sluggish movement of the small intestine can cause bacterial overgrowth, made worse by the presence of hyperglycemia. This leads to bloating, gas and diarrhea. [citation needed] Urinary symptoms include urinary frequency, urgency, incontinence and retention. Again, because of the retention of urine, urinary tract infections are frequent.
Hyperglycemia can lead to chronic cochlear damage or impaired endolymph homeostasis, affecting pure-tone audiometry (PTA) thresholds. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) like nitric oxide are higher in diabetics with hearing loss, indicating oxidative stress's role in hearing impairment.