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Equality of forward and backward reaction rates, however, is a necessary condition for chemical equilibrium, though it is not sufficient to explain why equilibrium occurs. Despite the limitations of this derivation, the equilibrium constant for a reaction is indeed a constant, independent of the activities of the various species involved ...
One main function of plasma and cell membranes is to maintain asymmetric concentrations of inorganic ions in order to maintain an ionic steady state different from electrochemical equilibrium. [8] In other words, there is a differential distribution of ions on either side of the cell membrane - that is, the amount of ions on either side is not ...
Chemical equilibrium is a dynamic state in which forward and backward reactions proceed at such rates that the macroscopic composition of the mixture is constant. Thus, equilibrium sign ⇌ symbolizes the fact that reactions occur in both forward ⇀ {\displaystyle \rightharpoonup } and backward ↽ {\displaystyle \leftharpoondown } directions.
a thermodynamic equilibrium constant, denoted by , is defined to be the value of the reaction quotient Q t when forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate. At chemical equilibrium, the chemical composition of the mixture does not change with time, and the Gibbs free energy change for the reaction is zero. If the composition of a ...
At 298 K, a reaction with ΔG ‡ = 23 kcal/mol has a rate constant of k ≈ 8.4 × 10 −5 s −1 and a half life of t 1/2 ≈ 2.3 hours, figures that are often rounded to k ~ 10 −4 s −1 and t 1/2 ~ 2 h. Thus, a free energy of activation of this magnitude corresponds to a typical reaction that proceeds to completion overnight at room ...
The steady state approximation, [1] occasionally called the stationary-state approximation or Bodenstein's quasi-steady state approximation, involves setting the rate of change of a reaction intermediate in a reaction mechanism equal to zero so that the kinetic equations can be simplified by setting the rate of formation of the intermediate equal to the rate of its destruction.
Biological processes are made of many chemical reactions or other events that are involved in the persistence and transformation of life forms. [1] Regulation of biological processes occurs when any process is modulated in its frequency, rate or extent.
The magnitude of the equilibrium constant depends on the Gibbs free energy change for the reaction. [2] So, when the free energy change is large (more than about 30 kJ mol −1 ), the equilibrium constant is large (log K > 3) and the concentrations of the reactants at equilibrium are very small.