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Isoprenaline was discovered in 1940 [5] and was developed in the 1940s. [7] It was first approved for medical use in 1947 in the United States. [15] Isoprenaline was one of the first synthetic sympathomimetic amines, was the first selective β-adrenergic receptor agonist, and was the first major sympathomimetic agent devoid of pressor effects ...
The mechanisms of sympathomimetic drugs can be direct-acting (direct interaction between drug and receptor), such as α-adrenergic agonists, β-adrenergic agonists, and dopaminergic agonists; or indirect-acting (interaction not between drug and receptor), such as MAOIs, COMT inhibitors, release stimulants, and reuptake inhibitors that increase the levels of endogenous catecholamines.
The incidence of post-stroke depression peaks at 3–6 months and usually resolves within 1–2 years after the stroke, although a minority of patients can go on to develop chronic depression. The diagnosis of post-stroke depression is complicated by other consequences of stroke such as fatigue and psychomotor retardation – which do not ...
Isoprenaline (non-selective) Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors , like atomoxetine , methylphenidate , and cocaine , as well as norepinephrine releasing agents , like amphetamine , ephedrine , pseudoephedrine , and phenylpropanolamine , indirectly activate β 1 -adrenergic receptors (as well as other adrenergic receptors) by increasing ...
The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, or NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS), is a tool used by healthcare providers to objectively quantify the impairment caused by a stroke and aid planning post-acute care disposition, though was intended to assess differences in interventions in clinical trials. The NIHSS was designed for the National ...
And thus it was thought that the pain associated after stroke was part of the stroke and lesion repair process occurring in the brain. [ medical citation needed ] It is now accepted that Dejerine–Roussy syndrome is a condition developed due to lesions interfering with the sensory process, which triggered the start of pharmaceutical and ...
Propranolol appears in the blood after 30 minutes and has a maximum effect between 60 and 90 minutes when taken orally. [2] [6] Common side effects include nausea, abdominal pain, and constipation. [2] It may worsen the symptoms of asthma. [2]
When this constriction occurs, the airways get narrow and it causes symptoms like wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and coughing. The muscles in the airways tighten, and cells in the airway start to produce more mucus than usual, which narrows the airways even more. The symptoms often start in childhood, but it can start at any ...