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Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that is expressed in abnormal mental functions, a loss of one's sense of identity and self, a compromised perception of reality, and disturbed behavior. The signs and symptoms of childhood schizophrenia are similar to those of adult-onset schizophrenia.
The prognosis of schizophrenia is varied at the individual level. In general it has great human and economics costs. [1] It results in a decreased life expectancy of 12–15 years primarily due to its association with obesity, little exercise, and smoking, while an increased rate of suicide plays a lesser role. [1]
Early Onset schizophrenia in childhood, before the age of 13 can sometimes occur. [11] [12] A later onset can occur between the ages of 40 and 60, known as late onset, and also after 60 known as very late onset. [13] Generally, the mean age of first hospital admission for treatment of schizophrenia is between 25 and 35.
Schizophrenia presents significant challenges, but with diagnosis, treatment, and support, individuals can manage symptoms and lead fulfilling lives.
The study of potential biomarkers that would help in diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia is an active area of research as of 2020. Possible biomarkers include markers of inflammation, [ 100 ] neuroimaging , [ 296 ] brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), [ 297 ] and speech analysis.
The mainstay of treatment for schizophrenia is an antipsychotic medication. [5] Most antipsychotics can take around 7 to 14 days to have their full effect. Medication may improve the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, and social and vocational functioning. [6]
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