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The most common heart malformations from genetic or epigenetic problems are: stenosis of the aorta and pulmonary trunk, which is a narrowing of the vessels, atrial and/or ventricular septal defect, tricuspid atresia, and hypoplastic left and right heart syndrome. When an individual has hypoplastic right or left heart syndrome, it means that ...
Tricuspid atresia is a form of congenital heart disease whereby there is a complete absence of the tricuspid valve. [2] Therefore, there is an absence of right atrioventricular connection. [2] This leads to a hypoplastic (undersized) or absent right ventricle. This defect occurs during prenatal development, when the heart does not finish ...
The left side of the heart is more muscular than the right side of the heart. It pumps oxygenated blood from the lungs into the aorta to perfuse the rest of the body. [4] When the heart has to pump against increased resistance, or afterload, as in the case of a ventricular obstruction, it compensates by growing in size. This adaptation is ...
The Fontan Kreutzer procedure is used in pediatric patients who possess only a single functional ventricle, either due to lack of a heart valve (e.g. tricuspid or mitral atresia), an abnormality of the pumping ability of the heart (e.g. hypoplastic left heart syndrome or hypoplastic right heart syndrome), or a complex congenital heart disease where a bi-ventricular repair is impossible or ...
Generally, diseases outlined within the ICD-10 codes Q20-Q24 within Chapter XVII: Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities should be included in this category. Congenital heart disease is any disease due to an inborn defect in the heart that is present at birth.
Most congenital heart defects are not associated with other diseases. [3] A complication of CHD is heart failure. [2] Congenital heart defects are the most common birth defect. [3] [11] In 2015, they were present in 48.9 million people globally. [8] They affect between 4 and 75 per 1,000 live births, depending upon how they are diagnosed.
Norwood procedure is most commonly performed to treat hypoplastic left heart syndrome, double outlet right ventricle, double inlet left ventricle, and other single ventricle congenital heart defects. [5] Variations are also used for palliation of mitral and tricuspid atresia [6] and subsets of transposition of great arteries (TGA). [7]
Ebstein's anomaly is a congenital heart defect in which the septal and posterior leaflets of the tricuspid valve are displaced downwards towards the apex of the right ventricle of the heart. [1] EA has great anatomical heterogeneity that generates a wide spectrum of clinical features at presentation and is complicated by the fact that the ...