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According to the National Science Foundation (NSF), women and racial minorities are underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). [1] Scholars, governments, and scientific organizations from around the world have noted a variety of explanations contributing to this lack of racial diversity, including higher levels of discrimination, implicit bias ...
Women in STEM may leave due to not being invited to professional meetings, the use of sexually discriminating standards against women, inflexible working conditions, the perceived need to hide pregnancies, and the struggle to balance family and work. Women in STEM fields that have children either need child care or to take a long leave of absence.
Over time, women have shown up in STEM fields in larger numbers and gained greater footholds, but their overall strides and pay levels leave much to be desired (STEM fields remain two-thirds male).
The documentary follows Hopkins, Burks and Willenbring through discussions of their respective careers and the barriers they faced as women in STEM. Among notable aspects of the documentary, Hopkins describes sexual harassment during her career and the fact that she was refused the same sized laboratory space in comparison to her male ...
The California Institute of Technology, long a bastion of male STEM students, enrolls an undergraduate class of majority women this fall, the first time in its 133-year history.
Girls' learning outcomes in STEM can also be compromised by psychological factors such as mathematics or test anxiety. [1] [4] [6] [9] The confidence of a female teacher in STEM subjects also has a strong impact on how well female students will perform in those subjects in the elementary school classroom.
Historically, women who have accepted STEM research positions for the government or the military remained in the closet due to lack of federal protections or the fact that homosexual or gender nonconforming expression was criminalized in their country. A notable example is Sally Ride, a physicist, the first American female astronaut, and a lesbian.
Laurel Haak (National Research Council) and Alice Agozino (Committee member), "Beyond Bias and Barriers: Press for the National Academies' Report", last updated Feb. 2, 2007 (available at Agozino's website, last visited Dec. 1, 2007). Ana Mari Cauce, "Women in Science: Looking Beyond Bias and Barriers," Editorial, The Seattle Times, (Dec. 19 ...