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The term Levant appears in English in 1497, and originally meant 'the East' or 'Mediterranean lands east of Italy'. [23] It is borrowed from the French levant 'rising', referring to the rising of the sun in the east, [23] or the point where the sun rises. [24] The phrase is ultimately from the Latin word levare, meaning 'lift, raise'.
Anatomically modern Homo sapiens are demonstrated at the area of Mount Carmel [8] in Canaan during the Middle Paleolithic dating from c. 90,000 BC.These migrants out of Africa seem to have been unsuccessful, [9] and by c. 60,000 BC in the Levant, Neanderthal groups seem to have benefited from the worsening climate and replaced Homo sapiens, who were possibly confined once more to Africa.
The earliest traces of the human occupation in the Levant are documented in Ubeidiya in the Jordan Valley of the Southern Levant (Historical Palestine). The site was dated to c. 1.4 million years ago , [ 2 ] but further research has fixed its chronological context to 1.5–1.2 million years ago. [ 3 ]
This is a list of conflicts in the southern Levant arranged chronologically from ancient to modern times. This region has also been referred to historically as the Land of Canaan , the Land of Israel , the Holy Land , the Promised Land , and Palestine .
The Via Maris (purple), King's Highway (red), and other ancient Levantine trade routes, c. 1300 BCE Jezreel Valley with modern road following the route of Via Maris in foreground Via Maris , or Way of Horus ( Middle Egyptian : ḫꜣt Ḥr , lit.
Levantine cuisine, the cuisine of the Levant; Levantine Cultural Center, subsequently The Markaz, a cultural center in Los Angeles, California; Batavia (cloth), also called "Levantine", a type of cloth originally produced in the Levant. Turkish Levantine, descendants of Europeans who settled in parts of the Ottoman Empire.
The Umayyad era saw further settlement in the Levant, as the rulers aimed to maintain distinct tribal identities and manage demographics through population transfers. [14] Estimates suggest that by the end of the 7th century, about 250,000 Arabs had settled in the Levant, a small minority among the native population. [15]
An early school of modern Levantine archaeology was led by William F. Albright, whose work focused on biblical narratives. [15] Albright himself held that Frederick Jones Bliss (1857–1939) was the father of Levantine archaeology, although Bliss is not well known in the field.