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Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) is a North American set of standard sizes for pipes used for high or low pressures and temperatures. [1] " Nominal" refers to pipe in non-specific terms and identifies the diameter of the hole with a non-dimensional number (for example – 2-inch nominal steel pipe" consists of many varieties of steel pipe with the only criterion being a 2.375-inch (60.3 mm) outside ...
In the modern standard metric version, it is simply a size number, where listed diameter size is the major outer diameter of the external thread. For a taper thread, it is the diameter at the "gauge length" (plus/minus one thread pitch) from the small end of the thread.
Originally in 1945, the divisions were based on the ring inside diameter in steps of 1 ⁄ 64 inch (0.40 mm). [6] However, in 1987 BSI updated the standard to the metric system so that one alphabetical size division equals 1.25 mm of circumferential length. For a baseline, ring size C has a circumference of 40 mm. [7]
The history of copper pipe is similar. In the 1930s, the pipe was designated by its internal diameter and a 1 ⁄ 16-inch (1.6 mm) wall thickness. Consequently, a 1-inch (25 mm) copper pipe had a 1 + 1 ⁄ 8-inch (28.58 mm) outside diameter. The outside diameter was the important dimension for mating with fittings.
During the IPS period, pipes were cast in halves and welded together, and pipe sizes referred to the inside diameters. [1] The inside diameters under IPS were roughly the same as the more modern Ductile Iron Pipe Standard (DIPS) and Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) Standards, and some of the wall thicknesses were also retained with a different ...
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pipe size Thread density Thread pitch P Hand-tight engagement [6] Effective thread [6] Overall length L 4 [6] Actual outside diameter D Tap drill; Length L 1 Turns Diameter E 1 Length L 2 Turns Diameter E 2; inch inch −1 inch mm inch inch inch inch inch inch mm inch mm 1 ⁄ 16: 27 0.03703704 0.9407 0.1600: 4.32: 0.28118 0.2611: 7.05: 0.2875 ...
JIC (Joint Industry Council) fittings are widely used in fuel delivery and fluid power applications, especially where high pressure (up to 10,000 pounds per square inch (690 bar)) is involved. The SAE J514 standard replaces the MS16142 US military specification , although some tooling is still listed under MS16142.