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Each kural or couplet contains exactly seven words, known as cirs, with four cirs on the first line and three on the second, following the kural metre. A cir is a single or a combination of more than one Tamil word. For example, the term Tirukkuṟaḷ is a cir formed by combining the two words tiru and kuṟaḷ. [86]
The Kural is one of the most important forms of classical Tamil language poetry. It is a very short poetic form being an independent couplet complete in 2 lines, the first line consisting of 4 words and the second line consisting of 3.
The Kural: English Translation of the Ancient Tamil Text Thirukkural: Chennai (Rare Publications) 2023: Complete: 144 pages. ISBN: 978-9383826643: K. Dhevendhiran: Tirukkural: English version: Kindle edition: 2023: 221 pages: A. Rajamanickam: The Holy Kural: A Comprehensive Prose Rendering Work (Thamarai Publications) 2023: ISBN: 978-8123445236 ...
With the exception of Avvaiyar and Idaikkadar, both of whom composed their verses in Kural venpa metre (couplet form), all the 53 poets have written their composition in the Venpa form. [18] The Tiruvalluva Malai refers to the Kural text mostly as Muppāl, a name preferred by Tiruvalluvar himself. The name appears in 15 different places ...
The Kural: English Translation of the Ancient Tamil Text Thirukkural: Chennai (Rare Publications) Complete: 134: 2023: K. Dhevendhiran: Tirukkural: English version: Kindle edition: 221 pages 135: 2023: A. Rajamanickam: The Holy Kural: A Comprehensive Prose Rendering Work (Thamarai Publications) ISBN: 978-8123445236 136: 2023: Theanmozhi Chembian
Some sources claim that a second translation was that by Muhammad Yousuf Kokan in 1976. However, it is the first Arabic translation of the Kural text. [3] In 2022, as part of its Ancient Tamil Classics in Translations series, the Central Institute of Classical Tamil (CICT) in Chennai released its Urdu translation of the Kural by M. B. Amanulla.
Of the three books of the Kural text, the Book of Aṟam remains the most translated one by scholars and writers and also the most widely interpreted one. [41] Serving as a manual of precepts to exclusively teach dharma for millennia, [ 2 ] the Book of Aṟam has influenced many of its readers to pursue the path of non-violence.
At the prison, he started learning Tamil and studied the Kural and was tempted to translate the work into Marathi. [1] He referred to the works on the Kural by V. V. S. Aiyar [2] [3] and also consulted with fellow Tamil inmates at the prison to get the full import of subtle ideas in the work. [3]