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Krama Inggil is a polite form of the Javanese language used in daily conversations, [1] especially with older people. The opposite of this speaking manner is called " Boso Ngoko ". [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Nowadays, this manner of speaking is rarely used by the residents of Java , often because it is viewed as an outdated or old fashioned manner of ...
In epistolary usage, several punctuations are used in the beginning of letters and may also be used to indicate the social status of the letter writer; from the lowest pada andhap, to middle pada madya, and the highest pada luhur. Pada guru is sometimes used as a neutral option without social connotation, while pada pancak is used to end a ...
Bhinneka Tunggal Ika included in the National emblem of Indonesia, the Garuda Pancasila. Bhinneka Tunggal Ika is the official national motto of Indonesia.It is inscribed in the national emblem of Indonesia, the Garuda Pancasila, written on the scroll gripped by the Garuda's claws.
Banyumasan (basa Banyumasan), also known as the autoglottonym Ngapak (basa Ngapak), is a dialect of Javanese spoken mainly in three areas of Java that is the Banyumasan, located in westernmost Central Java province and surrounding the Slamet mountain and Serayu River; a neighboring area inside West Java province; and northern region of Banten province.
The numerals 0–9 have independent and modifier forms. The modifiers are used to form powers of 10 or modify the sum of objects. In some cases, there is more than one word for a numeral reflecting the Javanese register system of ngoko (low-register) and krama (high-register), as well as words from a literary form of Javanese called kawi and derived from Old Javanese.
The word Jawa written in Javanese script Two Javanese speakers, recorded in Indonesia. Javanese (/ ˌ dʒ ɑː v ə ˈ n iː z / JAH-və-NEEZ, [3] / dʒ æ v ə-/ JAV-ə-, /-ˈ n iː s /- NEESS; [4] basa Jawa, Javanese script: ꦧꦱꦗꦮ, Pegon: باسا جاوا , IPA: [bɔsɔ d͡ʒɔwɔ]) is an Austronesian language spoken primarily by the Javanese people from the central and eastern ...
A 1954 meeting of the Kongres Bahasa saw Rumi officially adopted as a Malay script alongside Jawi in the Federation of Malaya, and government policy over the next few decades favoured Rumi in education, resulting in Jawi literacy becoming less common. Jawi was removed from the national curriculum in the mid-1980s.
The triple helix model of innovation, as theorized by Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff, is based on the interactions between the three following elements and their associated 'initial role': [9] universities engaging in basic research, industries producing commercial goods and governments that are regulating markets. [2]