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Veṇpā is a closely related family of very strict [6] Tamil verse forms. They differ chiefly in the number of standard lines that occur before the final short line. In kuṟaḷ-veṇpā (or simply "kural") a single 4-foot ("standard") line is followed by a final 3-foot ("short") line, resulting in a 7-foot couplet. [7]
Many poems and the Avvai Kural, comprising 310 kurals in 31 chapters, belong to this period. She is most widely known for her ' Aathichoodi ', ' Kondrai Vendhan ', ' Nalvazhi ' and ' Moodhurai '. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The name Avvaiyar means a 'respectable good woman', hence a generic title; her personal name is not known.
Mangudi Marudhanar opines about Valluvar and the Kural text thus: [3]. The beauty of Valluvar’s Cural is, that it not only illustrates the abstruse doctrines of the Vēdas, but is itself a Vēda, easy to be studied, and having the effect of melting the hearts of the righteous who study it.
The Sacred Kural or The Tamil Veda of Tiruvalluvar: Calcutta (The Heritage of India Series) Verse: Selections: Reprint in 1958 by YMCA Publishing House 18: 1933: A. Ranganatha Mudaliar: Tirukkural Mulamum Uraiyum with English Translation: Madras: 19: 1935: C. Rajagopalachari: Kural, The Great Book of Tiruvalluvar: Madras (Rochouse and Sons Ltd ...
'sacred verses'), or shortly the Kural (Tamil: குறள்), is a classic Tamil language text on commoner's morality consisting of 1,330 short couplets, or kurals, of seven words each. [4] The text is divided into three books with aphoristic teachings on virtue , wealth and love , respectively.
The Kural: English Translation of the Ancient Tamil Text Thirukkural: Chennai (Rare Publications) 2023: Complete: 144 pages. ISBN: 978-9383826643: K. Dhevendhiran: Tirukkural: English version: Kindle edition: 2023: 221 pages: A. Rajamanickam: The Holy Kural: A Comprehensive Prose Rendering Work (Thamarai Publications) 2023: ISBN: 978-8123445236 ...
Some sources claim that a second translation was that by Muhammad Yousuf Kokan in 1976. However, it is the first Arabic translation of the Kural text. [3] In 2022, as part of its Ancient Tamil Classics in Translations series, the Central Institute of Classical Tamil (CICT) in Chennai released its Urdu translation of the Kural by M. B. Amanulla.
Ukkira Peruvaludhi opines about Valluvar and the Kural text thus: [4]. The Four-faced (Brahma), disguising himself as Valluvar, has imparted the truths of the four Vēdas in the three parts of the Cural, which is therefore to be adored by the head, praised by the mouth, pondered by the mind, and heard by the ears.