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Within the medical specialty of hematology, Hemoglobin D-Punjab, also known as hemoglobin D-Los Angeles, [1] D-North Carolina, D-Portugal, D-Oak Ridge, and D-Chicago, [2] is a hemoglobin variant. It originates from a point mutation in the human β-globin locus and is one of the most common hemoglobin variants worldwide. [ 1 ]
Hemoglobin D (HbD) is a variant of hemoglobin, a protein complex that makes up red blood cells.Based on the locations of the original identification, it has been known by several names such as hemoglobin D-Los Angeles, hemoglobin D-Punjab, [1] D-North Carolina, D-Portugal, D-Oak Ridge, and D-Chicago. [2]
Reference ranges for urine tests are described below: Measurement Lower limit Upper limit Unit Urinary specific gravity: 1.003 [1] [2] 1.030 [1] [2] g/mL Urobilinogen:
The urine test strip test for blood is based on hemoglobin's pseudo peroxidase activity in catalysing a reaction between hydrogen peroxide and the chromogen tetramethylbenzidine in order to produce a dark blue oxidation product. [6] [13] the resultant colour can vary between green and dark blue depending on the amount of hemoglobin. [13]
Example of a container used for collecting 24-hour urine samples. This particular container is free of trace metals to allow for accurate measurement of these substances in urine. The techniques used to collect urine specimens vary based on the desired test. A random urine, meaning a specimen that is collected at any time, can be used for many ...
Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH) (also known as Donath-Landsteiner syndrome) is a rare condition characterized by the sudden presence of hemoglobin in the urine (called hemoglobinuria), typically after exposure to cold temperatures. [45] Hemolytic-uremic syndrome: D59.3: 13052
Hemoglobinuria is a condition in which the oxygen transport protein hemoglobin is found in abnormally high concentrations in the urine. [1] The condition is caused by excessive intravascular hemolysis, in which large numbers of red blood cells (RBCs) are destroyed, thereby releasing free hemoglobin into the plasma. [2]
Acute, transient, [24] infection-associated (acute cold antibody mediated AIHA complicating Mycoplasma pneumoniae or viral infections [25]) Chronic (lymphoproliferative disorders) [24]: 259 Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria [24]: 259 Idiopathic; Secondary; Acute, transient (Infections other than syphilis) [24]: 259 Chronic (syphilis) [24]: 259