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A dual therapy stent is a coronary artery stent that combines the technology of an antibody-coated stent and a drug-eluting stent. [1] Currently, second-generation drug-eluting stents require long-term use of dual-antiplatelet therapy , which increases the risk of major bleeding occurrences in patients. [ 2 ]
While the procedure has been reported to be generally safe for MS patients, [13] [41] [46] severe complications related to the angioplasty and stenting that have been reported include intracranial hemorrhage, stent migration into a renal vein, thrombosis and nerve compression syndrome of cranial nerves XI and XII.
The stents help to open up the narrowed artery and improve blood flow. However, over time, the treated artery can close up again, a condition known as restenosis. [20] Restenosis, or in-stent restenosis, is a blockage or narrowing that comes back in the portion of the artery previously treated with a stent. [20]
Rates of restenosis differ between devices (e.g., stent-grafts, balloon angioplasty, etc.) and location of procedure (i.e., centrally located in the heart, such as the coronary artery, or in peripheral vessels such as the popliteal artery in the leg, the pudendal artery in the pelvis, or the carotid artery in the neck). [citation needed]
Balloon angioplasty is the inflation of a balloon (often part of an integrated medical device combining a balloon, guidewire, and stent) within the coronary artery to 'crush' the plaque causing the occlusion into the walls of the artery. Balloon angioplasty is still often performed as a part of PCI procedure, it is rarely the only activity ...
Coronary artery stents, typically a metal framework, can be placed inside the artery to help keep it open. However, as the stent is a foreign object (not native to the body), it incites an immune response. This may cause scar tissue (cell proliferation) to rapidly grow over the stent and cause a neointimal hyperplasia.
A bioresorbable stent is a tube-like device that is used to open and widen clogged heart arteries and then dissolves or is absorbed by the body. It is made from a material that can release a drug to prevent scar tissue growth. It can also restore normal vessel function and avoid long-term complications of metal stents. [1] [2]
The concept was first introduced by Bailey [2] in the 1950s prior to the advent of coronary artery bypass surgery to help patients with angina and coronary artery disease. It is still used today when coronary artery bypass surgery proves difficult. Livesay [3] in Texas and Nair [4] in Leeds have published the largest series in the world.