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Osgood's ideas influenced Schramm in two important ways: (1) he posited a field of shared experience acting as the background of communication and (2) he added the stages of encoding and decoding as internal responses to the process. [3] Because of these influences, some theorists refer to Schramm's model as the "Osgood–Schramm model". [2] [5]
Many models of communication include the idea that a sender encodes a message and uses a channel to transmit it to a receiver. Noise may distort the message along the way. The receiver then decodes the message and gives some form of feedback. [1] Models of communication simplify or represent the process of communication.
Wilbur Schramm is considered the founder of the field of Communication Studies. He was the first individual to identify himself as a communication scholar; he created the first academic degree-granting programs with communication in their name; and he trained the first generation of communication scholars. [2]
Charles Egerton Osgood (20 November 1916 – 15 September 1991) was an American psychologist and professor at the University of Illinois. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] He was known for his research on behaviourism versus cognitivism , semantics (he introduced the term " semantic differential "), cross-culturalism , psycholinguistic theory, and peace studies . [ 1 ]
The Shannon–Weaver model is one of the earliest models of communication. [2] [3] [4] It was initially published by Claude Shannon in his 1948 paper "A Mathematical Theory of Communication". [5] The model was further developed together with Warren Weaver in their co-authored 1949 book The Mathematical Theory of Communication.
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A model of communication is a simplified presentation that aims to give a basic explanation of the process by highlighting its most fundamental characteristics and components. [16] [8] [17] For example, James Watson and Anne Hill see Lasswell's model as a mere questioning device and not as a full model of communication. [10]
Award-winning journalist Charles Osgood, who anchored CBS Sunday Morning for 22 years and was host of the long-running radio program The Osgood File, died Tuesday at home in New Jersey. He was 91.