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Damping capacity is a mechanical property of materials that measure a material's ability to dissipate elastic strain energy during mechanical vibration or wave propagation. When ranked according to damping capacity, materials may be roughly categorized as either high- or low-damping.
The damping ratio provides a mathematical means of expressing the level of damping in a system relative to critical damping. For a damped harmonic oscillator with mass m , damping coefficient c , and spring constant k , it can be defined as the ratio of the damping coefficient in the system's differential equation to the critical damping ...
Relative damping capacity of various metals [15] Materials Damping capacity † Gray iron (high carbon equivalent) 100–500 Gray iron (low carbon equivalent) 20–100 Ductile iron: 5–20 Malleable iron: 8–15 White iron: 2–4 Steel: 4 Aluminum: 0.47 † Natural log of the ratio of successive amplitudes
Chemical engineering, material science, mechanics (A scale to show the energy needed for detaching two solid particles) [13] [14] Cost of transport: COT = energy efficiency, economics (ratio of energy input to kinetic motion) Damping ratio
The ratio of the loss modulus to storage modulus in a viscoelastic material is defined as the , (cf. loss tangent), which provides a measure of damping in the material. tan δ {\displaystyle \tan \delta } can also be visualized as the tangent of the phase angle ( δ {\displaystyle \delta } ) between the storage and loss modulus.
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Damping dissipates energy in the system, which reduces the vibration level which is transmitted at the natural frequency. The fluid in automotive shock absorbers is a kind of damper, as is the inherent damping in elastomeric (rubber) engine mounts. Damping is used in passive isolators to reduce the amount of amplification at the natural frequency.
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