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In the law of criminal evidence, a confession is a statement by a suspect in crime which is adverse to that person. Some secondary authorities, such as Black's Law Dictionary, define a confession in more narrow terms, e.g. as "a statement admitting or acknowledging all facts necessary for conviction of a crime", which would be distinct from a mere admission of certain facts that, if true ...
In the 1966 case of Jacob Rubenstein v.State of Texas, [10] the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals ruled that Jack Ruby (real name Jacob Rubenstein; "Jack Ruby" was his nickname), the killer of Lee Harvey Oswald, had been denied a fair trial, holding in part that Ruby's jailhouse confession was improperly admitted into evidence at trial.
Although a confession obtained in violation of Miranda is inadmissible, evidence obtained based on information in the confession is admissible. [28] For example, if police learn the identity of a witness through a confession that violates Miranda, the government may still use the witness's testimony at trial. [29]
As a result, there is no way to know whether or not the resulting statement is actually correct. If any court relies on any evidence obtained from torture regardless of validity, it provides an incentive for state officials to force a confession, creating a marketplace for torture, both domestically and overseas. [2]
California, 374 U.S. 23 (1963), was a case before the United States Supreme Court, which incorporated the Fourth Amendment's protections against illegal search and seizure. The case was decided on June 10, 1963, by a vote of 5–4.
The judge ruled that Williams' statements to the detectives was inadmissible, but citing Stewart's footnote, ruled that the body was admissible as evidence, as it would have inevitably been discovered by law enforcement. On July 15, 1977, Williams was again convicted of first degree murder. [7] This conviction was upheld by the Supreme Court in ...
The court held that if one of two persons, accused of having together committed the crime of murder, makes a voluntary confession in the presence of the other, without threat or coercion, the confession is admissible in evidence against both.
For evidence to be admissible enough to be admitted, the party proffering the evidence must be able to show that the source of the evidence makes it so. If evidence is in the form of witness testimony, the party that introduces the evidence must lay the groundwork for the witness's credibility and knowledge.