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IP addresses are assigned to a host either dynamically as they join the network, or persistently by configuration of the host hardware or software. Persistent configuration is also known as using a static IP address. In contrast, when a computer's IP address is assigned each time it restarts, this is known as using a dynamic IP address.
The IP address in CIDR notation is always represented according to the standards for IPv4 or IPv6. The address may denote a specific interface address (including a host identifier, such as 10.0.0.1 / 8), or it may be the beginning address of an entire network (using a host identifier of 0, as in 10.0.0.0 / 8 or its equivalent 10 / 8).
When a computer on the private (internal) network sends an IP packet to the external network, the NAT device replaces the internal source IP address in the packet header with the external IP address of the NAT device. PAT may then assign the connection a port number from a pool of available ports, [c] inserting this port number in the source ...