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The earliest reference to the word "lyre" is the Mycenaean Greek ru-ra-ta-e, meaning "lyrists" and written in the Linear B script. [5] In classical Greek, the word "lyre" could either refer specifically to an amateur instrument, which is a smaller version of the professional cithara and eastern-Aegean barbiton, or "lyre" can refer generally to all three instruments as a family. [6]
Cylix of Apollo with the chelys lyre, on a 5th-century BC drinking cup (). The chelys or chelus (Greek: χέλυς, Latin: testudo, both meaning "turtle" or "tortoise") was a stringed musical instrument, the common lyre of the ancient Greeks, which had a convex back of tortoiseshell or of wood shaped like the shell.
Apollo's Lyre: Greek Music and Music Theory in Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. Limited preview online. Mathiesen, Thomas J. (1974). Bibliography of Sources for the Study of Ancient Greek Music. New Jersey: Joseph Boonin, Inc. Michaelides, S. (1978) The Music of Ancient Greece: An Encyclopaedia. London ...
Alcaeus and Sappho (Brygos Painter, Attic red-figure kalathos, c. 470 BC). Greek lyric is the body of lyric poetry written in dialects of Ancient Greek.Lyric poetry is, in short, poetry to be sung accompanied by music, traditionally a lyre.
The ancient Greeks have used the word ethos (ἔθος or ἦθος), in this context best rendered by "character" (in the sense of patterns of being and behaviour, but not necessarily with "moral" implications), to describe the ways music can convey, foster, and even generate emotional or mental states. Beyond this general description, there ...
Greek musical instruments were grouped under the general term "all developments from the original construction of a tortoise shell with two branching horns, having also a cross piece to which the stringser from an original three to ten or even more in the later period, like the Byzantine era".
The cithara is said to have been the invention of Apollo, the god of music. [7] Apollo is often depicted playing a cithara instead of a lyre, often dressed in a kitharode’s formal robes. Kitharoidos, or Citharoedus, is an epithet given to Apollo, which means "lyre-singer" or "one who sings to the lyre".
Lamprus was born in Athens, [2] [3] alive in the early part of the fifth century B.C.E., and taught music to Sophocles according to some. [4] [5] He was a teacher of the lyre [6] and dance. [7] A teacher named Lamprus, sometime before 343 B.C.E, while in Mantineia, [8] [9] is held to have taught Aristoxenus.