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  2. De facto - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto

    In jurisprudence, a de facto law (also known as a de facto regulation) is a law or regulation that is followed but "is not specifically enumerated by a law." [ 4 ] By definition, de facto 'contrasts' de jure which means "as defined by law" or "as a matter of law."

  3. De facto standard - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto_standard

    De facto is a Latin phrase (literally "of fact"), here meaning "in practice but not necessarily ordained by law" or "in practice or actuality, but not officially established". A de facto standard contrasts an international standard which is defined by an organization such as International Standards Organization , or a standard required by law ...

  4. Asymmetric federalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymmetric_federalism

    This type of asymmetry can be called de jure asymmetry (Brown 2). The second type reflects agreements which come out of national policy, opting out, and (depending on one's definition of the term) bilateral and ad hoc deals with specific provinces, none of which are entrenched in the constitution. This type of asymmetry is known as de facto ...

  5. List of forms of government - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_forms_of_government

    Republics where the government's powers are limited by law or a formal constitution (an official document establishing the exact powers and restrictions of a nation and its government), and in which the leaders are chosen by a vote amongst the populace. Typically, laws cannot be passed which violate said constitution, unless the constitution ...

  6. Diplomatic recognition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplomatic_recognition

    Diplomatic recognition in international law is a unilateral declarative political act of a state that acknowledges an act or status of another state or government in control of a state (may be also a recognized state). Recognition can be accorded either on a de facto or de jure basis. Partial recognition can occur if many sovereign states ...

  7. De facto corporation and corporation by estoppel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto_corporation_and...

    De facto corporation and corporation by estoppel are both terms that are used by courts in most common law jurisdictions to describe circumstances in which a business organization that has failed to become a de jure corporation (a corporation by law) will nonetheless be treated as a corporation, thereby shielding shareholders from liability. [1]

  8. Brussels effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brussels_effect

    The Berlaymont building in Brussels, the headquarters of the European Commission. The Brussels effect is the process of European Union regulations spreading well beyond the European Union's borders.

  9. De jure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_jure

    In law and government, de jure (/ d eɪ ˈ dʒ ʊər i, d i-,-ˈ jʊər-/; Latin: [deː ˈjuːre]; lit. ' by law ' ) describes practices that are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality.