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The question of what 'best' means is a common question in social choice theory. The following rules are most common: Utilitarian rule – sometimes called the max-sum rule or Benthamite welfare – aims to maximize the sum of utilities. Egalitarian rule – sometimes called the max-min rule or Rawlsian welfare – aims to maximize the smallest ...
The Relative Utilitarian social choice rule selects the element in which maximizes the utilitarian sum W ( x ) := ∑ i ∈ I w i ( x ) . {\displaystyle W(x):=\sum _{i\in I}w_{i}(x).} As an abstract social choice function, relative utilitarianism has been analyzed by Cao (1982), [ 2 ] Dhillon (1998), [ 3 ] Karni (1998), [ 4 ] Dhillon and ...
The utilitarian or Benthamite social welfare function measures social welfare as the total or sum of individual utilities: W = ∑ i = 1 n Y i {\displaystyle W=\sum _{i=1}^{n}Y_{i}} where W {\displaystyle W} is social welfare and Y i {\displaystyle Y_{i}} is the income of individual i {\displaystyle i} among n {\displaystyle n} individuals in ...
[58] He argues that one of the main reasons for introducing rule utilitarianism was to do justice to the general rules that people need for moral education and character development and he proposes that "a difference between act-utilitarianism and rule-utilitarianism can be introduced by limiting the specificity of the rules, i.e., by ...
The system tries to select an alternative which maximizes the sum of utilities, as in the utilitarian social choice rule, based only on the ranking information provided. [1] Implicit utilitarian voting attempts to approximate score voting or the utilitarian rule , even in situations where cardinal utilities are unavailable.
Rule utilitarianism is a form of utilitarianism that says an action is right as it conforms to a rule that leads to the greatest good, or that "the rightness or wrongness of a particular action is a function of the correctness of the rule of which it is an instance". [1]
The egalitarian rule strengthened with the leximin order is often called the leximin rule, to distinguish it from the simpler max-min rule. The leximin rule for social choice was introduced by Amartya Sen in 1970, [ 1 ] and discussed in depth in many later books.
In The Principles of Morals and Legislation, Bentham seeks to determine what a system of laws would look like if it was constructed on a purely utilitarian basis. To that end, Bentham offers painstaking analyses of the various kinds of pleasures and pains, the sources of pleasures and pains, how pleasures and pains should be measured, the ...