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Cholesterol is a sterol, a steroid-like lipid made by animals, including humans.The human body makes one-eighth to one-fourth teaspoons of pure cholesterol daily. A cholesterol level of 5.5 millimoles per litre or below is recommended for an adult.
The enzyme sterol esterase (EC 3.1.1.13) catalyzes the reaction a sterol ester + H 2 O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } a sterol + a fatty acid This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases , specifically those acting on carboxylic ester bonds.
Cholesterol is the principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils. [3] [4]Cholesterol is biosynthesized by all animal cells [citation needed] and is an essential structural and signaling component of animal cell membranes.
Sterol esters are a heterogeneous group of chemical compounds. They are created when the hydroxyl group of a sterol and a fatty acid undergo an esterification reaction. They can be found in trace amounts in every cell type but are highly enriched in foam cells and are common components of human skin oil .
Sterol esterase; Phospholipase; Several nucleases that degrade nucleic acids, like DNAase and RNAase; Pancreatic amylase that breaks down starch and glycogen which are alpha-linked glucose polymers. Humans lack the cellulases to digest the carbohydrate cellulose which is a beta-linked glucose polymer.
Evidence suggests a role for NCEH in cancer. Cancer cell lines contain unusually high levels of the protein. [9] Reduction of the amount of NCEH1 in cancer cells reduces tumor migration and growth in mice and addition of alkyl-LPA restores these processes. [6] NCEH can break down organophosphates like the pesticide metabolite chlorpyrifos oxon ...
Sterol O-acyltransferase (also called Acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase, Acyl-CoA cholesterin acyltransferase [citation needed] or simply ACAT) is an intracellular protein located in the endoplasmic reticulum that forms cholesteryl esters from cholesterol. Sterol O-acyltransferase catalyzes the chemical reaction:
Carboxylesterase 1 is a serine esterase and member of a large multigene carboxylesterase family. It is also part of the alpha/beta fold hydrolase family. [7] These enzymes are responsible for the hydrolysis of ester- and amide-bond-containing xenobiotics and drugs such as cocaine and heroin.