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We know this in part from what is lost when a stroke affects a particular part of the brain. Left hemisphere damage has many effects on language production and perception. Damage or lesions to the right hemisphere can result in a lack of emotional prosody [20] or intonation when speaking. [21]
There are obvious patterns for utilizing and processing language. In sign language, Broca’s area is activated while processing sign language employs Wernicke’s area similar to that of spoken language. [205] There have been other hypotheses about the lateralization of the two hemispheres.
The hippocampus plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory, and in spatial memory that enables navigation. In humans, and other primates the hippocampus is located in the archicortex , one of the three regions of allocortex , in each hemisphere with neural projections to the neocortex .
The right and left portions of the amygdala have independent memory systems, but work together to store, encode, and interpret emotion. The right hemisphere of the amygdala is associated with negative emotion. [15] [16] It plays a role in the expression of fear and in the processing of fear-inducing stimuli.
Some people may use the right hemisphere for language, and isolated damage of Wernicke's area cortex (sparing white matter and other areas) may not cause severe receptive aphasia. [5] [23] Even when patients with Wernicke's area lesions have comprehension deficits, these are usually not restricted to language processing alone.
The two hemispheres have a complementary specialization for control of different aspects of emotion. [n 2] a) Left hemisphere primarily process "positive" emotions and right hemisphere primarily process "negative" emotions. A large portion of regions primarily in the right hemisphere are activated during aversive classical conditioning. [n 5]
The earliest warning signs of Alzheimer's disease include memory loss that impacts your daily functioning, vision and language issues, social withdrawal, and more.
The temporal lobe is located beneath the lateral fissure on both cerebral hemispheres of the mammalian brain. [9] The temporal lobe is involved in processing sensory input into derived meanings for the appropriate retention of visual memories, language comprehension, and emotion association. [10]: 21