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Speed has dropped out of the equation, and the only variables are the torque and displacement volume. Since the range of maximum brake mean effective pressures for good engine designs is well established, we now have a displacement-independent measure of the torque-producing capacity of an engine design – a specific torque of sorts.
Flux F through a surface, dS is the differential vector area element, n is the unit normal to the surface. Left: No flux passes in the surface, the maximum amount flows normal to the surface. Right: The reduction in flux passing through a surface can be visualized by reduction in F or d S equivalently (resolved into components , θ is angle to ...
Dimensionless numbers (or characteristic numbers) have an important role in analyzing the behavior of fluids and their flow as well as in other transport phenomena. [1] They include the Reynolds and the Mach numbers, which describe as ratios the relative magnitude of fluid and physical system characteristics, such as density, viscosity, speed of sound, and flow speed.
We obtain the distribution of the property i.e. a given two dimensional situation by writing discretized equations of the form of equation (3) at each grid node of the subdivided domain. At the boundaries where the temperature or fluxes are known the discretized equation are modified to incorporate the boundary conditions.
D = diffusion coefficient in cm 2 /s; C = concentration in mol/cm 3; ν = scan rate in V/s; R = Gas constant in J K −1 mol −1; T = temperature in K; The constant with a value of 2.69×10 5 has units of C mol −1 V −1/2; For novices in electrochemistry, the predictions of this equation appear counter-intuitive, i.e. that i p increases at ...
This diagram describes the aggregation kinetics of discrete particles according to the Smoluchowski aggregation equation. In statistical physics, the Smoluchowski coagulation equation is a population balance equation introduced by Marian Smoluchowski in a seminal 1916 publication, [1] describing the time evolution of the number density of particles as they coagulate (in this context "clumping ...
In mathematical physics, the Gordon decomposition [1] (named after Walter Gordon) of the Dirac current is a splitting of the charge or particle-number current into a part that arises from the motion of the center of mass of the particles and a part that arises from gradients of the spin density.
The Hertz–Knudsen equation describes the non-dissociative adsorption of a gas molecule on a surface by expressing the variation of the number of molecules impacting on the surfaces per unit of time as a function of the pressure of the gas and other parameters which characterise both the gas phase molecule and the surface: [1] [2]