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Its meaning comes from allusion to the crossing of the river Rubicon from the north by Julius Caesar in early January 49 BC. The exact date is unknown. [ 2 ] Scholars usually place it on the night of 10 and 11 January because of the speeds at which messengers could travel at that time. [ 3 ]
Dictator perpetuo (English: "dictator in perpetuity"), also called dictator in perpetuum, [1] was the office held by Julius Caesar just before the end of his life. He was granted the title between 26 January and 15 February during the year 44 BC, shortly before his assassination on 15 March . [ 2 ]
Gaius Julius Caesar [a] (12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in a civil war, and subsequently became dictator from 49 BC until his assassination in 44 BC.
The veterans of Julius Caesar's Legions Legio XIII Gemina and Legio X Equestris demobilize. The veterans of the 10th legion are settled in Narbo, while those of the 13th are given somewhat better lands in Italia itself. End of the Roman Civil War [2] Caesar is named dictator for life. Caesar probably writes his Commentaries in this year.
A Roman dictator was an extraordinary magistrate in the Roman Republic endowed with full authority to resolve some specific problem to which he had been assigned. He received the full powers of the state, subordinating the other magistrates, consuls included, for the specific purpose of resolving that issue, and that issue only, and then dispensing with those powers immediately.
During his early career, Caesar had seen how chaotic and dysfunctional the Roman Republic had become. The republican machinery had broken down under the weight of imperialism, the central government had become powerless, the provinces had been transformed into independent principalities under the absolute control of their governors, and the army had replaced the constitution as the means of ...
Julius Caesar—A 2012 theatrical production by British theatre director Phyllida Lloyd, it is a loose adaptation of Shakespeare's play. [50] [59] [60] Julius Caesar Against the Pirates—A 1962 Italian adventure film written and directed by Sergio Grieco, which is loosely based on actual events from the early life of Julius Caesar. [61]
Roman dictators were usually appointed for a specific purpose, or causa, which limited the scope of their activities.The chief causae were rei gerundae (a general purpose, usually to lead an army in the field against a particular enemy), clavi figendi (an important religious rite involving the driving of a nail into the wall of the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus), and comitiorum habendorum ...