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  2. Multivariate normal distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multivariate_normal...

    To obtain the marginal distribution over a subset of multivariate normal random variables, one only needs to drop the irrelevant variables (the variables that one wants to marginalize out) from the mean vector and the covariance matrix. The proof for this follows from the definitions of multivariate normal distributions and linear algebra.

  3. Gaussian random field - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaussian_random_field

    In statistics, a Gaussian random field (GRF) is a random field involving Gaussian probability density functions of the variables. A one-dimensional GRF is also called a Gaussian process . An important special case of a GRF is the Gaussian free field .

  4. Normal distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution

    A random variable with a Gaussian distribution is said to be normally distributed, and is called a normal deviate. Normal distributions are important in statistics and are often used in the natural and social sciences to represent real-valued random variables whose distributions are not known.

  5. Complex normal distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_normal_distribution

    The standard complex normal random variable or standard complex Gaussian random variable is a complex random variable whose real and imaginary parts are independent normally distributed random variables with mean zero and variance /. [3]: p. 494 [4]: pp. 501 Formally,

  6. Chi-squared distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi-squared_distribution

    The chi-squared distribution is obtained as the sum of the squares of k independent, zero-mean, unit-variance Gaussian random variables. Generalizations of this distribution can be obtained by summing the squares of other types of Gaussian random variables. Several such distributions are described below.

  7. Matrix normal distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_normal_distribution

    The probability density function for the random matrix X (n × p) that follows the matrix normal distribution , (,,) has the form: (,,) = ⁡ ([() ()]) / | | / | | /where denotes trace and M is n × p, U is n × n and V is p × p, and the density is understood as the probability density function with respect to the standard Lebesgue measure in , i.e.: the measure corresponding to integration ...

  8. Cholesky decomposition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholesky_decomposition

    The following simplified example shows the economy one gets from the Cholesky decomposition: suppose the goal is to generate two correlated normal variables and with given correlation coefficient . To accomplish that, it is necessary to first generate two uncorrelated Gaussian random variables z 1 {\textstyle z_{1}} and z 2 {\textstyle z_{2 ...

  9. Random matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_matrix

    In nuclear physics, random matrices were introduced by Eugene Wigner to model the nuclei of heavy atoms. [1] [2] Wigner postulated that the spacings between the lines in the spectrum of a heavy atom nucleus should resemble the spacings between the eigenvalues of a random matrix, and should depend only on the symmetry class of the underlying evolution. [4]