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Hume-Rothery rules, named after William Hume-Rothery, are a set of basic rules that describe the conditions under which an element could dissolve in a metal, forming a solid solution. There are two sets of rules; one refers to substitutional solid solutions, and the other refers to interstitial solid solutions.
Interstitial solid solutions form when the solute atom is small enough (radii up to 57% the radii of the parent atoms) [2] to fit at interstitial sites between the solvent atoms. The atoms crowd into the interstitial sites, causing the bonds of the solvent atoms to compress and thus deform (this rationale can be explained with Pauling's rules ).
The propensity for any two substances to form a solid solution is a complicated matter involving the chemical, crystallographic, and quantum properties of the substances in question. Substitutional solid solutions, in accordance with the Hume-Rothery rules, may form if the solute and solvent have: Similar atomic radii (15% or less difference)
Notice the strain in the lattice that the solute atoms cause. The interstitial solute could be carbon in iron for example. The carbon atoms in the interstitial sites of the lattice creates a stress field that impedes dislocation movement. This is a schematic illustrating how the lattice is strained by the addition of substitutional solute.
Claude Bernard, French physician who introduced the concept of homeostasis. The human body and even its individual body fluids may be conceptually divided into various fluid compartments, which, although not literally anatomic compartments, do represent a real division in terms of how portions of the body's water, solutes, and suspended elements are segregated.
Interstitial atoms (blue) occupy some of the spaces within a lattice of larger atoms (red) In materials science, an interstitial defect is a type of point crystallographic defect where an atom of the same or of a different type, occupies an interstitial site in the crystal structure.
In crystallography, interstitial sites, holes or voids are the empty space that exists between the packing of atoms (spheres) in the crystal structure. [ citation needed ] The holes are easy to see if you try to pack circles together; no matter how close you get them or how you arrange them, you will have empty space in between.
Interstitial fauna, small aquatic invertebrates, larger than microfauna but smaller than macrofauna; Interstitial fluid, a solution that bathes and surrounds the cells of multicellular animals; Interstitial deletion and duplication in genetics, see Deletion (genetics) § Types and Gene duplication; Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis ...