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  2. Thing-in-itself - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thing-in-itself

    In Kantian philosophy, the thing-in-itself (German: Ding an sich) is the status of objects as they are, independent of representation and observation. The concept of the thing-in-itself was introduced by the German philosopher Immanuel Kant , and over the following centuries was met with controversy among later philosophers. [ 1 ]

  3. Being in itself - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Being_in_itself

    Being-in-itself is the self-contained and fully realized being of objects. It is a term used in early 20th century continental philosophy , especially in the works of Martin Heidegger , Jean-Paul Sartre , Simone de Beauvoir , and the existentialists .

  4. Noumenon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noumenon

    One is the dual object view, according to which the thing-in-itself is an entity distinct from the phenomena to which it gives rise. The other is the dual aspect view, according to which the thing-in-itself and the thing-as-it-appears are two "sides" of the same thing. This view is supported by the textual fact that "Most occurrences of the ...

  5. Critique of the Kantian philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critique_of_the_Kantian...

    Thing-in-itself (cannot be known). Schopenhauer claimed that Kant's represented object is false. The true distinction is only between the representation and the thing-in-itself. For Schopenhauer, the law of causality, which relates only to the representation and not to the thing-in-itself, is the real and only form of the understanding.

  6. Thing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thing

    Thing-in-itself (or noumenon), the reality that underlies perceptions, a term coined by Immanuel Kant Thing theory , a branch of critical theory that focuses on human–object interactions in literature and culture

  7. Law of identity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_identity

    In logic, the law of identity states that each thing is identical with itself. It is the first of the traditional three laws of thought, along with the law of noncontradiction, and the law of excluded middle.

  8. Being and Nothingness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Being_and_Nothingness

    Non-being can neither be part of the being-in-itself nor can it be as a complement of it. Being-for-itself is the origin of negation. The relation between being-for-itself and being-in-itself is one of questioning the latter. By bringing nothingness into the world, consciousness does not annihilate the being of things, but changes its relation ...

  9. On the Freedom of the Will - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Freedom_of_the_Will

    This is empirical necessity. But when that person feels his inner being as a thing-in-itself, not phenomenon, he feels free. According to Schopenhauer, this is because the inner being or thing-in-itself is called will. This word "will" designates the closest analogy to that which is felt as the inner being and essence of a person. When we feel ...