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A facsimile of the signature-and-seals page of the 1864 Geneva Convention, which established humane rules of war. The original document in single pages, 1864 [1]. The Geneva Conventions are international humanitarian laws consisting of four treaties and three additional protocols that establish international legal standards for humanitarian treatment in war.
English: An Act to make provision for the amendment of the Geneva Conventions Act 1957 to enable effect to be given to the Protocols additional to the Geneva Conventions of 1949 done at Geneva on 10 June 1977; and for connected purposes.
The Fourth Geneva Convention only concerns protected civilians in occupied territory rather than the effects of hostilities, such as the strategic bombing during World War II. [4] The 1977 Additional Protocol 1 to the Geneva Conventions (AP-1) prohibits all intentional attacks on "the civilian population and civilian objects."
Conventions I–IV ratified as the North Vietnam. [4] Also ratified by the State of Vietnam in 1953 and the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam in 1973 prior to Vietnamese reunification. [4] Yemen: 1970 1990 1990 — — Conventions I–IV and Protocols I–II ratified as North Yemen. [4] [41]
The Hague Conventions are often cited for guidelines concerning the limits and privileges of an occupier's rights with respect to the local (occupied) property. One of the restrictions on the occupier's use of natural resources is the Article 50 prohibition against collective punishment protecting private property.
Protocol I (also Additional Protocol I and AP I) [4] is a 1977 amendment protocol to the Geneva Conventions concerning the protection of civilian victims of international war, including "armed conflicts in which peoples are fighting against colonial domination, alien occupation or racist regimes". [5]
Geneva Accord (2003), on the Israeli–Palestinian conflict; Gen Con, originally the Lake Geneva Wargames Convention; Geneva Conventions, for the humanitarian treatment of war (1864, 1906, 1929, 1949) Geneva Declaration (1918), an abandoned agreement on creation of Yugoslavia; Geneva interim agreement on the Iranian nuclear program (2013)
The War Crimes Act of 1996 is a United States federal statute that defines a war crime to include a "grave breach of the Geneva Conventions", specifically noting that "grave breach" should have the meaning defined in any convention (related to the laws of war) to which the United States is a party.