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Atipamezole, sold under the brand name Antisedan among others, is a synthetic α 2 adrenergic receptor antagonist used for the reversal of the sedative and analgesic effects of dexmedetomidine and medetomidine in dogs. Its reversal effect works by competing with the sedative for α 2-adrenergic receptors and displacing them.
Epinephrine is also used as a bronchodilator for asthma if specific β 2 agonists are unavailable or ineffective. [39] Because of the high intrinsic efficacy (receptor binding ability) of epinephrine, high drug concentrations cause adverse side effects when treating asthma. The value of using nebulized epinephrine in acute asthma is unclear. [40]
Half the dogs received bedinvetmab and half the dogs received a sterile saline injection every 28 days for a total of three doses. [5] Before treatment and on various days throughout the study, owners used the Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI) assessment tool to measure the severity of the dog's pain and the degree to which the pain interfered ...
Dexmedetomidine was developed by Orion Pharma and is marketed under the names dexdor® and Precedex®; in 1999 the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved it as a short-term sedative and analgesic (<24 hours) for critically ill or injured people on mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit. The rationale for its short-term use ...
Administration of intravenous fluid bolus and epinephrine is the treatment of choice with antihistamines used as adjuncts. [46] A period of in-hospital observation for between 2 and 24 hours is recommended for people once they have returned to normal due to concerns of biphasic anaphylaxis.
phenylpropanolamine – controls urinary incontinence in dogs; phenytoin/pentobarbital – animal euthanasia product containing phenytoin and pentobarbital; pimobendan – phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor used to manage heart failure in dogs; pirlimycin – antimicrobial; ponazuril – anticoccidial
A euthanasia solution is a drug-containing aqueous solution for intentionally ending life to either relieve pain and suffering or execute convicts. [1] The drugs used in euthanasia solution do not only need to be safe to personnel, but they also need to have a rapid onset of action and minimize the possible pain felt by humans and animals. [2]
In the United States, xylazine was approved by the FDA only for veterinary use as a sedative, analgesic, and muscle relaxant in dogs, cats, horses, elk, fallow deer, mule deer, sika deer, and white-tailed deer. [1] [3] The sedative and analgesic effects of xylazine are related to central nervous system depression. Xylazine's muscle relaxant ...