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  2. Reinforcement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforcement

    In behavioral psychology, reinforcement refers to consequences that increase the likelihood of an organism's future behavior, typically in the presence of a particular antecedent stimulus. [1] For example, a rat can be trained to push a lever to receive food whenever a light is turned on; in this example, the light is the antecedent stimulus ...

  3. Operant conditioning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operant_conditioning

    Example: if a rat in a Skinner box gets food when it presses a lever, its rate of pressing will go up. Pressing the lever was positively reinforced. Pressing the lever was positively reinforced. Negative reinforcement (a.k.a. escape) occurs when a behavior (response) is followed by the removal of an aversive stimulus, thereby increasing the ...

  4. Helping behavior - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helping_behavior

    Helping behavior refers to voluntary actions intended to help others, with reward regarded or disregarded. It is a type of body part. It is a type of body part. (voluntary action intended to help or benefit another individual or group of individuals, [ 1 ] such as sharing, comforting, rescuing and helping).

  5. Reward system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reward_system

    The reward system (the mesocorticolimbic circuit) is a group of neural structures responsible for incentive salience (i.e., "wanting"; desire or craving for a reward and motivation), associative learning (primarily positive reinforcement and classical conditioning), and positively-valenced emotions, particularly ones involving pleasure as a core component (e.g., joy, euphoria and ecstasy).

  6. Motivational salience - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motivational_salience

    Incentive salience is a cognitive process that grants a "desire" or "want" attribute, which includes a motivational component to a rewarding stimulus. [1] [2] [3] [9] Reward is the attractive and motivational property of a stimulus that induces appetitive behavior – also known as approach behavior – and consummatory behavior. [3]

  7. Stanford marshmallow experiment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_marshmallow...

    Additionally, when the children thought about the absent rewards, it was just as difficult to delay gratification as when the reward items were directly in front of them. Conversely, when the children in the experiment waited for the reward and it was not visibly present, they were able to wait longer and attain the preferred reward.

  8. Overjustification effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overjustification_effect

    Directional effects of rewards on motivation, depending on type of task, type of reward, and contingency of reward. The overjustification effect is controversial because it challenges previous findings in psychology on the general effectiveness of reinforcement on increasing behavior, and also the widespread practice of using incentives in the ...

  9. Social cognitive theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_cognitive_theory

    They argued four factors contribute to learning: drives, cues, responses, and rewards. One driver is social motivation, which includes imitativeness, the process of matching an act to an appropriate cue of where and when to perform the act. A behavior is imitated depending on whether the model receives positive or negative response consequences ...

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