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Coal production of India. Coal in India has been mined since 1774, and India is the second largest producer and consumer of coal after China, mining 997 million metric tons (1,099 million short tons) in FY 2023-24.
Central Coalfields Limited (CCL) is a subsidiary of Coal India Limited (CIL), an undertaking of the Government of India. CCL was established in 1956 as National Coal Development Corporation Limited and is a Category-I Mini Ratna company since October 2007.
Coal India operates through 83 mining areas in 8 states of India. As on 1 April 2015, it has 430 coal mines out of which 175 are open cast, 227 are underground and 28 are mixed mines. [7] Production from open cast mines during FY 2014–15 was 92.91% of total production of 494.24 MT. [7] Underground mines contributed to 7.09% of production.
There are two coal beds:the upper one is 50 feet (15 m) thick and the lower one 38 feet (12 m) thick, separated by sandstone, shales and shaly coal, mixed coal and shale. [ 2 ] South Karnpura Coalfield covers an area of 195 square kilometres (75 sq mi) and has total coal reserves of 5,757.85 million tonnes.
The volatile matter ranges from 25-30 per cent. The calorific value of the coal varies from 4,200-5,900 Kcal/kg. [2] Almost all of India’s coal reserves are of Gondwana coal. Thickness of coal seams in Indian coalfields generally range from 1 m to 30 m. An exceptionally thick seam of 138 m has been discovered in Singrauli coalfield. [3]
According to Geological Survey of India reserves of non-coking coal up to a depth of 300 m in Umaria Coalfield was 181.29 million tonnes. [6] Kanchan Open Cast Mine is being expanded from 0.32 million tonnes per annum to 0.65 million tonnes per annum, with a peak capacity of 0.75 million tonnes per annum. The entire overburden would be backfilled.
Piparwar Mangardaha underground mine is a new mine that will work in the Piparwar and Mangardaha blocks of the Lower Bachra (bottom section) seam. A major portion of the mining area lies below Piparwar OCP. The area from where coal has been taken out is partly filled up by internal dumps. It is located in the North Karanpura Coalfield. Proposed ...
This lists of mines in India is subsidiary to the list of mines article, and future mines in the country and is organised by the primary mineral output. For practical purposes stone, marbles and other quarries may be included in this list. In India, the underground mine to surface mine ratio is 20:80 [citation needed].