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The porous fragile nature of the ethmoid bone makes it particularly susceptible to fractures. The ethmoid is usually fractured from an upward force to the nose. This could occur by hitting the dashboard in a car crash or landing on the ground after a fall. The ethmoid fracture can produce bone fragments that penetrate the cribriform plate.
An orbital blowout fracture is a traumatic deformity of the orbital floor or medial wall that typically results from the impact of a blunt object larger than the orbital aperture, or eye socket. [1] Most commonly this results in a herniation of orbital contents through the orbital fractures. [ 1 ]
The Le Fort III fracture (transverse fracture) occurs at the level of the skull base, resulting in complete craniofacial separation of the midface from the base of the skull. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The fracture line extends through the zygomatic arch , the pterygoid plates , the lateral and medial orbital walls , the nasal bones , and the nasal septum .
3D CT of mandible fracture. This injury involves the alveolar bone and may extend beyond the alveolus. [5] [6] There are five different types of alveolar fractures: Communicated fracture of the socket wall; Fracture of the socket wall; Dentoalveolar fracture (segmental) Fracture of the maxilla: Le Fort fracture, zygomatic fracture, orbital blowout
The temporomandibular ligament constrains the mandible as it opens, keeping the condyloid process close to the joint. [2] It prevents posterior displacement of the mandible. It also prevents the condyloid process from being driven upward by a blow to the jaw, which would otherwise fracture the base of the skull.
Facial trauma, also called maxillofacial trauma, is any physical trauma to the face. Facial trauma can involve soft tissue injuries such as burns, lacerations and bruises, or fractures of the facial bones such as nasal fractures and fractures of the jaw, as well as trauma such as eye injuries. Symptoms are specific to the type of injury; for ...
ZMC complex fractures involve the lateral vertical buttress of the ZMC complex (lateral maxillary sinus and lateral orbital wall) and the upper transverse buttress (inferior orbital rim and floor, also including the zygomatic arch). Three of its four components are directly related to connections between the zygoma and the face.
Mandible fracture causes vary by the time period and the region studied. In North America, blunt force trauma (a punch) is the leading cause of mandible fracture [37] whereas in India, motor vehicle collisions are now a leading cause. [38] On battle grounds, it is more likely to be high velocity injuries (bullets and shrapnel). [39]