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  2. Furnace anneal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furnace_anneal

    Furnace anneals are performed by equipment especially built to heat semiconductor wafers. Furnaces are capable of processing many wafers at a time, but each process can last between several hours and a day. Increasingly, furnace anneals are being supplanted by Rapid Thermal Anneal (RTA) or Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP). This is due to the ...

  3. Annealing (materials science) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annealing_(materials_science)

    For high volume process annealing, gas fired conveyor furnaces are often used. For large workpieces or high quantity parts, car-bottom furnaces are used so workers can easily move the parts in and out. Once the annealing process is successfully completed, workpieces are sometimes left in the oven so the parts cool in a controllable way.

  4. Heat treating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_treating

    Heat treating furnace at 1,800 °F (980 °C) Heat treating (or heat treatment) is a group of industrial, thermal and metalworking processes used to alter the physical, and sometimes chemical, properties of a material.

  5. Vacuum furnace - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_furnace

    Vacuum furnaces capable of temperatures above 1200 °C are used in various industry sectors such as electronics, medical, crystal growth, energy and artificial gems. The processing of high temperature materials, both of metals and nonmetals, in a vacuum environment allows annealing , brazing , purification , sintering and other processes to ...

  6. Ultra-high-purity steam for oxidation and annealing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra-high-purity_steam...

    Forming Gas Annealing (FGA) uses H 2 at 400–500 °C. A new approach is the use of High Temperature Steam Annealing (HSA), which uses water vapor at 250–400 °C. In HSA, water vapor applied in a furnace can improve the density of oxides without the use of hydrogen.

  7. Rapid thermal processing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_thermal_processing

    Unlike furnace anneals they are of short duration, processing each wafer in several minutes. To achieve short annealing times and quick throughput, sacrifices are made in temperature and process uniformity, temperature measurement and control, and wafer stress.

  8. The Coldest and Warmest Cities in Each State

    www.aol.com/coldest-warmest-cities-state...

    The highest recorded temperature in the U.S. was also recorded in California's aptly named Furnace Creek in 1913. It was 134 degrees on July 10. peterleabo/istockphoto.

  9. Forming gas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forming_gas

    It also finds application in microchip production, where a high-temperature anneal in forming gas assists in silicon-silicon dioxide interface passivation. Quite often forming gas is used in furnaces during annealing or sintering for the thermal treatment of metals, because it reduces oxides on the metal surface. [4]

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