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The postpartum period can be divided into three distinct stages; the initial or acute phase, six to 12 hours after childbirth; subacute postpartum period, which lasts two to six weeks, and the delayed postpartum period, which can last up to six months. In the subacute postpartum period, 87% to 94% of women report at least one health problem.
Pregnancy detection can be accomplished using one or more various pregnancy tests, [76] which detect hormones generated by the newly formed placenta, serving as biomarkers of pregnancy. [77] Blood and urine tests can detect pregnancy by 11 and 14 days, respectively, after fertilization.
A median of 288 days (274 days from the date of ovulation) for first-time mothers and 283 days (269 days from the date of ovulation) for mothers with at least one previous pregnancy was found by a 1990 study of 114 white, private-care patients with uncomplicated pregnancies and spontaneous labor. The authors suggest that excluding pregnancies ...
Prolonged labor is the inability of a woman to proceed with childbirth upon going into labor. [1] Prolonged labor typically lasts over 20 hours for first time mothers, and over 14 hours for women that have already had children. [1] Failure to progress can take place during two different phases; the latent phase and active phase of labor. [1]
False negative readings can occur when testing is done too early. hCG levels rise rapidly in early pregnancy and the chances of false negative test results diminish with time (increasing gestational age). [24] Less sensitive urine tests and qualitative blood tests may not detect pregnancy until three or four days after implantation. [25]
The exact cause of spontaneous preterm birth is difficult to determine and it may be caused by many different factors at the same time as labor is a complex process. [25] [26] The research available is limited with regard to the cervix and therefore is limited in discerning what is or is not normal. [12]
This weakening is a normal process that typically happens at term as the body prepares for labor and delivery. However, this can be a problem when it occurs before 37 weeks (preterm). The natural weakening of fetal membranes is thought to be due to one or a combination of the following. In PROM, these processes are activated too early: [12]
The first 6 to 12 hours after childbirth is the initial or acute phase of the postpartum period. [10] During this time the mother is typically monitored by nurses or midwives as complications can arise. The greatest health risk in the acute phase is postpartum bleeding. Following delivery the area where the placenta was attached to the uterine ...