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The time and current operating characteristics of fuses are chosen to provide adequate protection without needless interruption. Wiring regulations usually define a maximum fuse current rating for particular circuits. A fuse can be used to mitigate short circuits, overloading, mismatched loads, or device failure. When a damaged live wire makes ...
IEC 60269 unifies the electrical characteristics of fuses that are dimensionally interchangeable with fuses built to earlier British, German, French or Italian standards. [2] The standard identifies application categories which classify the time-current characteristic of each type of fuse. The application category is a two-digit code.
The trip current is the current at which the device is guaranteed to trip. [7] When power is removed, the heating due to the leakage current will stop and the PPTC device will cool. As the device cools, it regains its original crystalline structure and returns to a low resistance state where it can hold the current as specified for the device. [6]
Since the time of opening of a fuse or switch is not coordinated with the reversal of the alternating current, in some circuits the total current may be offset and can be larger than the alternating current component by itself. [3] A device may have different interrupting ratings for alternating and direct current.
Some are time delayed, slow reacting, or have leads for terminals used in circuits without a fuse holder. [16] [11] Many of the fuse dimensions and characteristics are published by the Society of Automotive Engineers as Standard SAE J 554.
The standard specifies breaking time versus current characteristics only for 3 A or 13 A fuses. For 3 A fuses: 0.02–80 s at 9 A, < 0.1 s at 20 A and < 0.03 s at 30 A. For 13 A fuses: 1–400 s at 30 A, 0.1–20 s at 50 A and 0.01–0.2 s at 100 A.
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These characteristics are also known as I–V curves, referring to the standard symbols for current and voltage. In electronic components with more than two terminals, such as vacuum tubes and transistors, the current–voltage relationship at one pair of terminals may depend on the current or voltage on a third terminal. This is usually ...
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