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Symbrachydactyly is a congenital abnormality, characterized by limb anomalies consisting of brachydactyly, cutaneous syndactyly and global hypoplasia of the hand or foot. [1] In many cases, bones will be missing from the fingers and some fingers or toes may be missing altogether.
In animal studies, when this deletion was introduced to developing birds, their wing buds were noted to take on limb-like structures. [3] The condition was first described by Dr. F. Liebenberg in 1973 while he followed multiple generations of a South African family, [4] but it has since been noticed in other family lineages across the world. [2]
In non-human primates, there is only one flexor muscle for all the fingers, whereas in humans, the flexor pollicis longus becomes distinct. [7] Linburg–Comstock syndrome may be viewed as an evolutionary persistent structure. It is still inconclusive whether or not the connection is congenital or acquired at a later time point in life.
In most types, the thumb, ring finger and little finger are the less affected parts of the hand. [7] The incidence of cleft hand varies from 1 in 90,000 to 1 in 10,000 births depending on the used classification. Cleft hand can appear unilateral or bilateral, [6] and can appear isolated or associated with a syndrome.
Muscular dystrophy (e.g., limb girdle muscular dystrophy) must be considered as well. [citation needed] sIBM can be mistaken for physical deconditioning. [1] Hereditary myopathies can mimic sIBM, both in signs and symptoms and in the appearance of muscle biopsies.
Acheiropodia was first described in Brazil in 1929 [4] and the variations in expression (the range in severity and type of signs and symptoms experienced by patients), namely the presence or absence of digits on upper limbs or the Bohomeletz bone (a small, elongated bone located at the upper limb tips, parallel to the humerus and suggested to be what would have developed into the ulna), were ...
Didactyly (from Greek δι-di-'two') or bidactyly is the condition of having two digits on each limb, as in the Hypertragulidae and two-toed sloth, Choloepus didactylus. In humans this name is used for an abnormality in which the middle digits are missing, leaving only the thumb and fifth finger, or big and little toes.
Dysmelia can be caused by [citation needed]. Inheritance of abnormal genes, e.g. polydactyly, ectrodactyly or brachydactyly, symptoms of deformed limbs then often occur in combination with other symptoms ()