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A magnetic stirrer or magnetic mixer is a laboratory device that employs a rotating magnetic field to cause a stir bar (or flea) immersed in a liquid to spin very quickly, thus stirring it. The rotating field may be created either by a rotating magnet or a set of stationary electromagnets, placed beneath the vessel with the liquid.
Magnetic stirrer, vortex mixer A static mixer is a device for the continuous mixing of fluid materials, without moving components. [ 1 ] Normally the fluids to be mixed are liquid, but static mixers can also be used to mix gas streams, disperse gas into liquid or blend immiscible liquids .
Assuming the external magnetic field is uniform and shares a common axis with the paramagnet, the extensive parameter characterizing the magnetic state is , the magnetic dipole moment of the system. The fundamental thermodynamic relation describing the system will then be of the form U = U ( S , V , I , N ) {\displaystyle U=U(S,V,I,N)} .
Although the magnetic stirrer has lately come to replace the shaker, it is still the preferred choice of equipment when dealing with large volume substances, when simultaneous agitation is required or when stirring bar could destroy delicate content like living cells. [1]
A hot plate or hotplate is a heated flat surface on a stove or electric cooker on which food may be cooked. [3] It comprises a heated top which is flat and usually circular, and may be made of metal, ceramic, or heat-resistant glass, with resistive wire forming a heating element fitted underneath and a thermostat to control the temperature.
On the left side is the vertical Mode Stirrer (or Tuner), that changes the electromagnetic boundaries to ensure a (statistically) homogeneous field distribution. An electromagnetic reverberation chamber (also known as a reverb chamber (RVC) or mode-stirred chamber (MSC) ) is an environment for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) testing and ...
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The above derivation uses the first and second laws of thermodynamics. The first law of thermodynamics is essentially a definition of heat, i.e. heat is the change in the internal energy of a system that is not caused by a change of the external parameters of the system.
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