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Metandienone was formerly approved and marketed as a form of androgen replacement therapy for the treatment of hypogonadism in men, but has since been discontinued and withdrawn in most countries, including in the United States. [15] [4] [6] It was given at a dosage of 5 to 10 mg/day in men and 2.5 mg/day in women. [16] [17] [1
[2] [6] Ziegler sought a drug without after-effects and hit on an anabolic steroid, methandrostenolone (Dianabol, DBOL), made in the U.S. in 1958 by Ciba. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Ziegler gave Dianabol to the entire U.S. Olympic weightlifting team in Rome in 1960, but they still lost to the Soviets. [ 6 ]
The absorption rate constant K a is a value used in pharmacokinetics to describe the rate at which a drug enters into the system. It is expressed in units of time −1. [1] The K a is related to the absorption half-life (t 1/2a) per the following equation: K a = ln(2) / t 1/2a. [1] K a values can typically only be found in research articles. [2]
[1] [2] It has a relatively short elimination half-life and mean residence time of 2 days and 4 days, respectively. [1] [2] As such, it has a short duration of action and must be administered two to three times per week. [16] Intramuscular injection of testosterone propionate as an oil solution, aqueous suspension, and emulsion has been ...
Oxandrolone is an androgen and synthetic anabolic steroid (AAS) medication to help promote weight gain in various situations, to help offset protein catabolism caused by long-term corticosteroid therapy, to support recovery from severe burns, to treat bone pain associated with osteoporosis, to aid in the development of girls with Turner syndrome, and for other indications.
For these women, the rhythm method formula incorrectly identifies a few fertile days as being in the infertile period. [19] Roughly 30-50% of women have phases outside this range. [34] Finally, calendar-based methods assume that all bleeding is true menstruation. However, mid-cycle or anovulatory bleeding can be caused by a number of factors. [35]
The Cahill cycle, also known as the alanine cycle or glucose-alanine cycle, [1] is the series of reactions in which amino groups and carbons from muscle are transported to the liver. [2] It is quite similar to the Cori cycle in the cycling of nutrients between skeletal muscle and the liver. [ 1 ]
By lowering the activation energy, the enzyme speeds up that reaction by a rate of 10 11 or more; a reaction that would normally take over 3,000 years to complete spontaneously might take less than a second with an enzyme. The enzyme itself is not used up in the process and is free to catalyze the same reaction with a new set of substrates.