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In organic chemistry, ethoxylation is a chemical reaction in which ethylene oxide (C 2 H 4 O) adds to a substrate. It is the most widely practiced alkoxylation, which involves the addition of epoxides to substrates. In the usual application, alcohols and phenols are converted into R(OC 2 H 4) n OH, where n ranges from 1 to 10. Such compounds ...
The process temperature was optimized as 220–280 °C (430–540 °F). ... an explosion of an ethoxylation reactor owned by the chemical company ... Results of human ...
[2] [page needed] This process consumes ATP and dissipates heat, thus leading to the hypothesis that long term drinkers see an increase in resting energy expenditure. [ 3 ] The increase in rest energy expenditure has, according to some studies, been explained by indicating that the MEOS "expends" nine calories per gram of ethanol to metabolize ...
[24] [25] The ethoxylation process makes the cleansing agents, such as sodium laureth sulfate and ammonium laureth sulfate, less abrasive and offers enhanced foaming characteristics. 1,4-Dioxane is found in small amounts in some cosmetics, a yet unregulated substance used in cosmetics in both China and the U.S. [26] Research has found the ...
Polysorbate 20 (common commercial brand names include Kolliphor PS 20, [2] Scattics, Alkest TW 20, Tween 20, and Kotilen-20) is a polysorbate-type nonionic surfactant formed by the ethoxylation of sorbitan monolaurate.
Narrow-range ethoxylates (NREs) in chemistry are fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers with a narrow homolog distribution and are known nonionic surfactants.They can be produced industrially, for example, by the addition of ethylene oxide onto fatty alcohols in the presence of suitable catalysts (layer compounds which have been calcined or hydrophobized with fatty acids).
Fermentation is a biochemical process during which yeast and certain bacteria convert sugars to ethanol, carbon dioxide, as well as other metabolic byproducts. [73] [74] The average human digestive system produces approximately 3 g of ethanol per day through fermentation of its contents. [75]
Ethylene oxide is widely used to generate detergents and surfactants by ethoxylation. Its hydrolysis affords ethylene glycol. It is also used for sterilisation of medical instruments and materials. The reaction of epoxides with amines is the basis for the formation of epoxy glues and structural materials.