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However, several aspects of amyloid biology are still under investigation. For example, recent evidence has suggested that amyloid plaque formation is linked to brain microvascular trauma. [49] [50] Other research implicates chronic inflammation of the brain and immune dysfunction of the nervous system. [51] [52]
To date, 37 human proteins have been found to form amyloid in pathology and be associated with well-defined diseases. [2] The International Society of Amyloidosis classifies amyloid fibrils and their associated diseases based upon associated proteins (for example ATTR is the group of diseases and associated fibrils formed by TTR). [3]
Amyloid beta (Aβ, Abeta or beta-amyloid) denotes peptides of 36–43 amino acids that are the main component of the amyloid plaques found in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease. [2] The peptides derive from the amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP), which is cleaved by beta secretase and gamma secretase to yield Aβ in a cholesterol ...
Amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis, also known as primary amyloidosis, is the most common form of systemic amyloidosis. [1] The disease is caused when a person's antibody -producing cells do not function properly and produce abnormal protein fibers made of components of antibodies called light chains .
The researchers also discovered that plaques only form when a specific level of amyloid beta from neurons is present, at which point oligodendrocytes contribute to plaque build-up.
Amyloid plaque Aβ protein species ends in residue 40 or 42, [4] but it is suspected that Aβ42 form is crucial in the pathogenesis of AD. Although Aβ42 makes up less than 10% of total Aβ, it aggregates at much faster rates than Aβ40. [5] Aβ42 is the initial and major component of amyloid plaque deposits.
A main theory behind the cause of Alzheimer’s disease is the build-up of the protein amyloid-beta in the brain. Researchers from the University of Cincinnati provide evidence suggesting it’s ...
Amyloid light chains deposition in shoulder joint causes enlarged shoulders, also known as "shoulder pad sign". [18] Amyloid light chain depositions can also cause bilateral symmetric polyarthritis. [18] The deposition of amyloid proteins in the bone marrow without causing plasma cell dyscrasias is called amyloidoma. It is commonly found in ...