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As a selective beta-3 adrenergic agonist, mirabegron does not cause the cardiovascular adverse effects of other adrenergic agonists that are active at the beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors. Beta-3 adrenergic agonists activate brown adipose tissue (BAT) and increase energy expenditure , leading to research interest in their development as ...
The chemical structure of Solabegron, a β 3-adrenergic receptor agonist. Mirabegron is a selective β 3-AR agonist that affects the detrusor muscles of the urinary bladder.By stimulation of β 3-AR the contraction of the smooth muscles of the bladder is decreased and the bladder can store more volume of urine at a given time.
Vibegron is, in contrast to other OAB drugs, very selective and leads to a lesser degree of unwanted side effects. Vibegron is found to be a substrate for CYP3A4 in vivo, but does not actually induce or inhibit any of the cytochrome P450 enzymes and is thus less likely to take part in drug–drug interactions (DDI).
A meta-analysis of short-term randomized controlled trials has shown similar efficacy on glycemic control between empagliflozin 10mg and 25mg in people with type 2 diabetes. While there may be a higher reduction in HbA1c with higher doses, this difference is more clinically significant when the patients' baseline HbA1c is ≥ 8.5%.
Conversely, in studies of healthy men given high-dose spironolactone, gynecomastia occurred in 3 of 10 (30%) at 100 mg/day, in 5 of 8 (62.5%) at 200 mg/day, and in 6 of 9 (66.7%) at 400 mg/day, relative to none of 12 controls. [134] [135] The severity of gynecomastia with spironolactone varies considerably, but is usually mild. [110]
Hydroxyzine, sold under the brand names Atarax and Vistaril among others, is an antihistamine medication. [8] It is used in the treatment of itchiness, anxiety, insomnia, and nausea (including that due to motion sickness). [8]
Lamotrigine, sold under the brand name Lamictal among others, is a medication used to treat epilepsy and stabilize mood in bipolar disorder. [5] [8] For epilepsy, this includes focal seizures, tonic-clonic seizures, and seizures in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. [8]
A single 15 mg dose of mirtazapine to healthy volunteers has been found to result in over 80% occupancy of the H 1 receptor and to induce intense sleepiness. [92] After a short period of chronic treatment, however, the H 1 receptor tends to sensitize and the antihistamine effects become more tolerable.