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Ancient Estonia refers to a period covering History of Estonia from the middle of the 8th millennium BC until the conquest and subjugation of the local Finnic tribes in the first quarter of the 13th century during the Teutonic and Danish Northern Crusades.
Fragments of the Wanradt–Koell Catechism (1535), the first book printed in Estonian. The history of Estonia forms a part of the history of Europe.Human settlement in what is now Estonia became possible 13,000,000–11,000,000 years ago, after the ice from the last glacial era had melted, and signs of the first permanent population in the region date from around 9000 BCE.
The population of Ancient Estonia in the late Iron Age, circa 1100 AD, is estimated to have been 150,000, with upper estimates around 180,000. [16] This is a five-fold increase from the approximately 30,000 inhabitants of the same area during the Roman Iron Age, circa 400 AD. [ 16 ]
Treaty of Tartu which gives Estonia recognition by Soviet Russia. 15 June: Adoption of the Constitution of Estonia, which came into effect on 21 December. [9] 1921: January: Estonia is recognized as an independent state, and starts its pursuit to join League of Nations. [1] 1922: 22 September: Estonia joins the League of Nations. 1933: 14–16 ...
The Chronicle of Henry of Livonia describes a fleet of sixteen ships and five hundred Oeselians ravaging the area that is now southern Sweden, then belonging to Denmark.In the XIVth book of Gesta Danorum, Saxo Grammaticus describes a battle on Öland in 1170 in which the Danish king Valdemar I mobilised his entire fleet to curb the incursions of Couronian and Estonian pirates.
Otepää Castle was a stronghold of the Ugandi Estonians in Otepää, later controlled by the Bishop of Tartu and his vassals. Otepää Castle was one of the most prominent centers of ancient Estonia [1] and a crucial hub in Southern Estonia, [2] being one of Estonia's strongest ancient fortresses, [3] located atop the highest hillfort in the region. [4]
The Swedish Empire. The Duchy of Estonia (Swedish: Hertigdömet Estland; Estonian: Eestimaa hertsogkond; German: Herzogtum Estland), also known as Swedish Estonia (Swedish: Svenska Estland), [1] was a dominion of the Swedish Empire from 1561 until 1721 during the time that most or all of Estonia was under Swedish rule.
The Duchy of Estonia [1] (Estonian: Eestimaa hertsogkond, Danish: Hertugdømmet Estland [2] Latin: Ducatus Estoniae [3]), also known as Danish Estonia, was a direct dominion (Latin: dominium directum) of the King of Denmark from 1219 until 1346 when it was sold to the Teutonic Order and became part of the Ordensstaat.