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Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is the blood supply to the brain in a given period of time. [8] In an adult, CBF is typically 750 millilitres per minute or 15.8 ± 5.7% of the cardiac output . [ 9 ] This equates to an average perfusion of 50 to 54 millilitres of blood per 100 grams of brain tissue per minute.
The midbrain or mesencephalon is the uppermost portion of the brainstem connecting the diencephalon and cerebrum with the pons. [2] It consists of the cerebral peduncles , tegmentum , and tectum . It is functionally associated with vision, hearing, motor control, sleep and wakefulness, arousal ( alertness ), and temperature regulation.
Angiogram of the arterial supply. The cerebral arteries describe three main pairs of arteries and their branches, which perfuse the cerebrum of the brain. The three main arteries are the: Anterior cerebral artery (ACA), which supplies blood to the medial portion of the brain, including the superior parts of the frontal and anterior parietal ...
The internal carotid arteries supply oxygenated blood to the front of the brain and the vertebral arteries supply blood to the back of the brain. [55] These two circulations join in the circle of Willis , a ring of connected arteries that lies in the interpeduncular cistern between the midbrain and pons.
The middle cerebral artery (MCA) is one of the three major paired cerebral arteries that supply blood to the cerebrum.The MCA arises from the internal carotid artery and continues into the lateral sulcus where it then branches and projects to many parts of the lateral cerebral cortex.
CSF is present within the subarachnoid space, which covers the brain and spinal cord, and stretches below the end of the spinal cord to the sacrum. [1] [2] There is a connection from the subarachnoid space to the bony labyrinth of the inner ear making the cerebrospinal fluid continuous with the perilymph in 93% of people. [3]
The main supply of blood to the brainstem is provided by the basilar arteries and the vertebral arteries. [14]: 740 It is important to note that there is a bit of variability in how these arteries connect and supply blood to the brain, such as where the arteries fuse or are reinforced. The variability that exists allows for syndromes to be ...
It then gives off branches to supply quadrigeminal plate and the adjacent structures in the midbrain. The origin of this artery is proximal to the origin of medial and lateral posterior choroidal branch of the posterior cerebral artery.