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  2. Carbohydrate loading - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate_loading

    A new carbo-loading regimen developed by scientists at the University of Western Australia calls for a normal diet with light training until the day before the race. On the day before the race, the athlete performs a very short, extremely high-intensity workout (such as a few minutes of sprinting) then consumes 12 g of carbohydrate per kilogram of lean mass over the next 24 hours.

  3. Hitting the wall - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitting_the_wall

    This technique amounts to increasing complex carbohydrate intake during the last few days before the event. Consuming food or drinks containing carbohydrates during the exercise. This is an absolute must for very long distances; it is estimated that Tour de France competitors receive up to 50% of their daily caloric intake from on-the-bike ...

  4. Composition of the human body - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composition_of_the_human_body

    Pie charts of typical human body composition by percent of mass, and by percent of atomic composition (atomic percent) Body composition may be analyzed in various ways. This can be done in terms of the chemical elements present, or by molecular structure e.g., water , protein , fats (or lipids ), hydroxyapatite (in bones), carbohydrates (such ...

  5. First pass effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_pass_effect

    First-pass metabolism may occur in the liver (for propranolol, lidocaine, clomethiazole, and nitroglycerin) or in the gut (for benzylpenicillin and insulin). [4] The four primary systems that affect the first pass effect of a drug are the enzymes of the gastrointestinal lumen, [5] gastrointestinal wall enzymes, [6] [7] [8] bacterial enzymes [5] and hepatic enzymes.

  6. Supercompensation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercompensation

    If the next workout takes place during the supercompensation period, the body will advance to a higher level of fitness. If the next workout takes place after the supercompensation period, the body will remain at its base level. Sometimes a few workouts are intentionally made in the recovery period to try to achieve greater supercompensation ...

  7. Glycogen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycogen

    Third, by consuming large quantities of carbohydrates after depleting glycogen stores as a result of exercise or diet, the body can increase storage capacity of intramuscular glycogen stores. [13] [40] [41] [42] This process is known as carbohydrate loading. In general, glycemic index of carbohydrate source does not matter since muscular ...

  8. Carbohydrate metabolism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate_metabolism

    Carbohydrate metabolism is the whole of the biochemical processes responsible for the metabolic formation, breakdown, and interconversion of carbohydrates in living organisms. Carbohydrates are central to many essential metabolic pathways . [ 1 ]

  9. Human nutrition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_nutrition

    Foods high in magnesium (an example of a nutrient) Human nutrition deals with the provision of essential nutrients in food that are necessary to support human life and good health. [1] Poor nutrition is a chronic problem often linked to poverty, food security, or a poor understanding of nutritional requirements. [2]