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In automotive design, an R4, or rear-engine, four-wheel-drive layout places the engine at the rear of the vehicle, and drives all four roadwheels. This layout is typically chosen to improve the traction or the handling of existing vehicle designs using the rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout (RR).
The use of separate motors for the front and rear drive wheels eliminates the need of a drive shaft that is ubiquitous in four-wheel drive ICE vehicles, freeing up space for bigger battery modules, which are commonly mounted on the chassis floor between the axles. [1]
The Toyoda G1 (Toyota G1) was the first truck built by the company that became Toyota. It was 6 m (20 ft) long, could carry 1.5 tons, and was loosely based on similar class Ford and GM trucks. The G1 was succeeded by a line of similar Toyota trucks as technology progressed.
The centre differential contained within many 4 wheel drive cars is similar to the conventional differential in a 2-wheel drive car. It allows torque to be distributed to both drive axles whilst allowing them to spin at different speeds, which vastly improves the cornering of a 4-wheel drive car on surfaces with high grip such as tarmac.
This both improves drive-wheel traction and reduces the tendency for the undriven wheels to dig in. In addition, the driving and steering requirements are split between front and rear- as with FR vehicles- making it less likely for either to lose traction. Many dune buggies successfully use a Volkswagen beetle as the donor car for this reason ...
The base model of the subcompact crossover pairs a six-speed manual transmission with a 156-horsepower 2.0-liter four-cylinder engine and all-wheel drive. Kelly Blue Book calls it “a quirky ...
Completely redesigned new 2020 Escape best offers four new propulsion choices – including two all-new hybrids; standard hybrid targets best-in-class EPA-estimated range of more than 550 ...
4 Used Cars With the Best Gas Mileage If You’re on a Budget. Laura Beck. July 28, 2024 at 10:00 AM ... you’ll find a lot to like in the Hyundai IONIQ Hybrid. “It’s compact, easy to drive ...